Assessing the past and future dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon: Insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and CMIP6 data

The Asian summer monsoon is one of the active synoptic scale weather phenomena, and has significant socioeconomic implications. A vast population relies on the associated precipitation, mostly dominating the agricultural practices of the region. Therefore, it is essential to assess past behavior to...

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Main Authors: Mayank Shekhar, Aka Sharma, Pushpendra Pandey, Anupam Sharma, A.P. Dimri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-07-01
Series:Global Environmental Change Advances
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950138523000049
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author Mayank Shekhar
Aka Sharma
Pushpendra Pandey
Anupam Sharma
A.P. Dimri
author_facet Mayank Shekhar
Aka Sharma
Pushpendra Pandey
Anupam Sharma
A.P. Dimri
author_sort Mayank Shekhar
collection DOAJ
description The Asian summer monsoon is one of the active synoptic scale weather phenomena, and has significant socioeconomic implications. A vast population relies on the associated precipitation, mostly dominating the agricultural practices of the region. Therefore, it is essential to assess past behavior to understand the present, including future projections. We used palaeomonsoon precipitation synthesis and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data to interactively show the dynamics and changes in the summer monsoon for the Asian region throughout the past millennium behavior to understand the present and future projections. In this study, we precisely analyzed and quantified the dynamics of summer precipitation variation throughout the last millennium (LM; 850–1849 CE) at an annual resolution, in which the major climatic events were the Medieval Warm Period (MWP; 900–1300 CE) and Little Ice Age (LIA; 1500–1850 CE). We also analyzed the historical or base climate (HC; 1850–2014 CE) and future monsoons (FM; 2015–2100 CE) using CMIP6 SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5, to project the summer monsoon for Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The findings are encouraging, showing slightly increased precipitation during the MCA and low precipitation during the LIA in Asia. Moreover, the average summer monsoon daily rainfall remained 6.398 ± 0.634 and 6.310 ± 0.649 mm/d for the MCA and LIA, respectively, indicating a relatively slight variation in the summer monsoon precipitation during these climatic phases. In addition, for the twenty-first century, the CIMP6 projection shows increased summer monsoon precipitation over Asia, particularly in the northeast region. Further, the CMIP6 projections for SSP2–4.5 shows 6.457 ± 0.658 mm/d, and for SSP5–8.5 is 6.686 ± 0.837 mm/d for the twenty-first century. Furthermore, the results of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) analysis suggest that the monsoon system may become more intense in some regions, whereas other regions may experience reduced precipitation in the Asia-Pacific region, with a regionally heterogeneous rise in heavy rainfall and high moisture throughout most of Asia. Orography, evaporation, moisture content, and circulation all affect the severity of precipitation in addition to fine-scale surface moisture feedback. The findings show that it is essential to consider both the past and the future to accurately estimate local and regional-scale susceptibility to climate change. Moreover, the synthesis of past data and analysis of future projections of the monsoon will provide a basis for reducing the unpredictability of future climate models.
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spelling doaj-art-ea06d417db3445d8a9fb5735a3d4ccff2025-08-20T02:46:50ZengElsevierGlobal Environmental Change Advances2950-13852024-07-01210000410.1016/j.gecadv.2023.100004Assessing the past and future dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon: Insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and CMIP6 dataMayank Shekhar0Aka Sharma1Pushpendra Pandey2Anupam Sharma3A.P. Dimri4Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India; Corresponding authors.School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, IndiaBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, IndiaBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India; Corresponding authors.School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai, India; Corresponding author at: School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.The Asian summer monsoon is one of the active synoptic scale weather phenomena, and has significant socioeconomic implications. A vast population relies on the associated precipitation, mostly dominating the agricultural practices of the region. Therefore, it is essential to assess past behavior to understand the present, including future projections. We used palaeomonsoon precipitation synthesis and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data to interactively show the dynamics and changes in the summer monsoon for the Asian region throughout the past millennium behavior to understand the present and future projections. In this study, we precisely analyzed and quantified the dynamics of summer precipitation variation throughout the last millennium (LM; 850–1849 CE) at an annual resolution, in which the major climatic events were the Medieval Warm Period (MWP; 900–1300 CE) and Little Ice Age (LIA; 1500–1850 CE). We also analyzed the historical or base climate (HC; 1850–2014 CE) and future monsoons (FM; 2015–2100 CE) using CMIP6 SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5, to project the summer monsoon for Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The findings are encouraging, showing slightly increased precipitation during the MCA and low precipitation during the LIA in Asia. Moreover, the average summer monsoon daily rainfall remained 6.398 ± 0.634 and 6.310 ± 0.649 mm/d for the MCA and LIA, respectively, indicating a relatively slight variation in the summer monsoon precipitation during these climatic phases. In addition, for the twenty-first century, the CIMP6 projection shows increased summer monsoon precipitation over Asia, particularly in the northeast region. Further, the CMIP6 projections for SSP2–4.5 shows 6.457 ± 0.658 mm/d, and for SSP5–8.5 is 6.686 ± 0.837 mm/d for the twenty-first century. Furthermore, the results of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) analysis suggest that the monsoon system may become more intense in some regions, whereas other regions may experience reduced precipitation in the Asia-Pacific region, with a regionally heterogeneous rise in heavy rainfall and high moisture throughout most of Asia. Orography, evaporation, moisture content, and circulation all affect the severity of precipitation in addition to fine-scale surface moisture feedback. The findings show that it is essential to consider both the past and the future to accurately estimate local and regional-scale susceptibility to climate change. Moreover, the synthesis of past data and analysis of future projections of the monsoon will provide a basis for reducing the unpredictability of future climate models.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950138523000049Southeast AsiaAsian summer monsoonClimate changeMedieval Warm Period (MWP)Little Ice Age (LIA)Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs)
spellingShingle Mayank Shekhar
Aka Sharma
Pushpendra Pandey
Anupam Sharma
A.P. Dimri
Assessing the past and future dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon: Insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and CMIP6 data
Global Environmental Change Advances
Southeast Asia
Asian summer monsoon
Climate change
Medieval Warm Period (MWP)
Little Ice Age (LIA)
Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs)
title Assessing the past and future dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon: Insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and CMIP6 data
title_full Assessing the past and future dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon: Insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and CMIP6 data
title_fullStr Assessing the past and future dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon: Insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and CMIP6 data
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the past and future dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon: Insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and CMIP6 data
title_short Assessing the past and future dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon: Insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and CMIP6 data
title_sort assessing the past and future dynamics of the asian summer monsoon insights from palaeomonsoon synthesis and cmip6 data
topic Southeast Asia
Asian summer monsoon
Climate change
Medieval Warm Period (MWP)
Little Ice Age (LIA)
Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950138523000049
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