Driving Forces of the Consumer Price Index During the Crises in the Eurozone: Heterogeneous Panel Approach

This paper examines key driving forces of inflationary pressures, taking into account supply and demand side determinants and actions of policy makers, during the pandemic and geopolitical crises in the Eurozone. Using heterogeneous nonstationary macro-panel models, especially the Mean Group (MG) an...

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Main Authors: Jovica Pejčić, Olgica Glavaški, Marina Beljić
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Economies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/12/11/292
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author Jovica Pejčić
Olgica Glavaški
Marina Beljić
author_facet Jovica Pejčić
Olgica Glavaški
Marina Beljić
author_sort Jovica Pejčić
collection DOAJ
description This paper examines key driving forces of inflationary pressures, taking into account supply and demand side determinants and actions of policy makers, during the pandemic and geopolitical crises in the Eurozone. Using heterogeneous nonstationary macro-panel models, especially the Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) methods in the period 2020q1–2024q4, it is concluded that the dominant determination of inflationary pressures comes from the supply side. There is a long-run positive equilibrium relationship between the growth of energy prices and the growth of the consumer price index (CPI), and between the index representing supply bottlenecks (SBI) and the growth of CPI, while the relationship with the unemployment rate is insignificant. Also, the existence of a long-run equilibrium between the interest rate and CPI is homogeneous due to the unique monetary policy on a sample, and negative, indicating the efficiency of that policy. However, the speed of adjustment of individual economies is heterogeneous, and in the case of Greece and Ireland, insignificant. The heterogeneous or insignificant response of Eurozone member states, especially related to core-periphery asymmetry, refers to the vulnerability and structural weakness of the Eurozone economies, and the need for deeper integration.
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spelling doaj-art-ea02e65a07684ca3b67255ce12ce89512025-08-20T02:07:59ZengMDPI AGEconomies2227-70992024-10-01121129210.3390/economies12110292Driving Forces of the Consumer Price Index During the Crises in the Eurozone: Heterogeneous Panel ApproachJovica Pejčić0Olgica Glavaški1Marina Beljić2Department of Economic Theory and Policy, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, 24000 Subotica, SerbiaDepartment of Economic Theory and Policy, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, 24000 Subotica, SerbiaDepartment of Economic Theory and Policy, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, 24000 Subotica, SerbiaThis paper examines key driving forces of inflationary pressures, taking into account supply and demand side determinants and actions of policy makers, during the pandemic and geopolitical crises in the Eurozone. Using heterogeneous nonstationary macro-panel models, especially the Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) methods in the period 2020q1–2024q4, it is concluded that the dominant determination of inflationary pressures comes from the supply side. There is a long-run positive equilibrium relationship between the growth of energy prices and the growth of the consumer price index (CPI), and between the index representing supply bottlenecks (SBI) and the growth of CPI, while the relationship with the unemployment rate is insignificant. Also, the existence of a long-run equilibrium between the interest rate and CPI is homogeneous due to the unique monetary policy on a sample, and negative, indicating the efficiency of that policy. However, the speed of adjustment of individual economies is heterogeneous, and in the case of Greece and Ireland, insignificant. The heterogeneous or insignificant response of Eurozone member states, especially related to core-periphery asymmetry, refers to the vulnerability and structural weakness of the Eurozone economies, and the need for deeper integration.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/12/11/292consumer price indexenergy priceinterest rateheterogeneous panelsEurozone
spellingShingle Jovica Pejčić
Olgica Glavaški
Marina Beljić
Driving Forces of the Consumer Price Index During the Crises in the Eurozone: Heterogeneous Panel Approach
Economies
consumer price index
energy price
interest rate
heterogeneous panels
Eurozone
title Driving Forces of the Consumer Price Index During the Crises in the Eurozone: Heterogeneous Panel Approach
title_full Driving Forces of the Consumer Price Index During the Crises in the Eurozone: Heterogeneous Panel Approach
title_fullStr Driving Forces of the Consumer Price Index During the Crises in the Eurozone: Heterogeneous Panel Approach
title_full_unstemmed Driving Forces of the Consumer Price Index During the Crises in the Eurozone: Heterogeneous Panel Approach
title_short Driving Forces of the Consumer Price Index During the Crises in the Eurozone: Heterogeneous Panel Approach
title_sort driving forces of the consumer price index during the crises in the eurozone heterogeneous panel approach
topic consumer price index
energy price
interest rate
heterogeneous panels
Eurozone
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/12/11/292
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AT olgicaglavaski drivingforcesoftheconsumerpriceindexduringthecrisesintheeurozoneheterogeneouspanelapproach
AT marinabeljic drivingforcesoftheconsumerpriceindexduringthecrisesintheeurozoneheterogeneouspanelapproach