Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis

Plants develop characteristic shoot architectures by extending branches at specific angles. Primary shoots bend in response to gravity and then adjust the orientation through an organ-straightening process to achieve a mechanically favorable shape. However, how plants integrate branch structure with...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Daichi Yoshida, Itsuki Kunita, Masashi Toda, Haruko Ueda, Takumi Higaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Quantitative Plant Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882825100076/type/journal_article
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850159643975745536
author Daichi Yoshida
Itsuki Kunita
Masashi Toda
Haruko Ueda
Takumi Higaki
author_facet Daichi Yoshida
Itsuki Kunita
Masashi Toda
Haruko Ueda
Takumi Higaki
author_sort Daichi Yoshida
collection DOAJ
description Plants develop characteristic shoot architectures by extending branches at specific angles. Primary shoots bend in response to gravity and then adjust the orientation through an organ-straightening process to achieve a mechanically favorable shape. However, how plants integrate branch structure with the shoot architecture remains uncertain. Here, we examined the lateral branch morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants for myosin XI motor proteins through a combination of three-dimensional reconstruction and temporal imaging. The wild type and myosin xif mutant formed S-shaped branches and gradually adjusted the branch angle upwards. The myosin xik mutant exhibited straighter and drooping branches and maintained branch angles. The myosin xif xik double mutant formed branches with irregular directional changes with fluctuating angles. These results suggest that MYOSIN XIk and XIf are required for the establishment of branch morphology through upward bending, stabilizing growth direction, and maintaining curvature.
format Article
id doaj-art-e9ffd5da9c15460fb957bb99c0daa8b2
institution OA Journals
issn 2632-8828
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Cambridge University Press
record_format Article
series Quantitative Plant Biology
spelling doaj-art-e9ffd5da9c15460fb957bb99c0daa8b22025-08-20T02:23:27ZengCambridge University PressQuantitative Plant Biology2632-88282025-01-01610.1017/qpb.2025.10007Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in ArabidopsisDaichi Yoshida0Itsuki Kunita1Masashi Toda2Haruko Ueda3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-076XTakumi Higaki4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-3930Graduate School of Science and Technology, https://ror.org/02cgss904Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JapanFaculty of Engineering, https://ror.org/02z1n9q24University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, JapanResearch and Education Institute for Semiconductors and Informatics, https://ror.org/02cgss904Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JapanFaculty of Science and Engineering, https://ror.org/059b5pb30Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Graduate School of Natural Science, https://ror.org/059b5pb30Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, https://ror.org/02cgss904Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, https://ror.org/02cgss904Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JapanPlants develop characteristic shoot architectures by extending branches at specific angles. Primary shoots bend in response to gravity and then adjust the orientation through an organ-straightening process to achieve a mechanically favorable shape. However, how plants integrate branch structure with the shoot architecture remains uncertain. Here, we examined the lateral branch morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants for myosin XI motor proteins through a combination of three-dimensional reconstruction and temporal imaging. The wild type and myosin xif mutant formed S-shaped branches and gradually adjusted the branch angle upwards. The myosin xik mutant exhibited straighter and drooping branches and maintained branch angles. The myosin xif xik double mutant formed branches with irregular directional changes with fluctuating angles. These results suggest that MYOSIN XIk and XIf are required for the establishment of branch morphology through upward bending, stabilizing growth direction, and maintaining curvature.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882825100076/type/journal_articlebranch angle and straightnessfour-dimensional reconstructionlateral branch morphologymyosin XI mutantsplant architecture
spellingShingle Daichi Yoshida
Itsuki Kunita
Masashi Toda
Haruko Ueda
Takumi Higaki
Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis
Quantitative Plant Biology
branch angle and straightness
four-dimensional reconstruction
lateral branch morphology
myosin XI mutants
plant architecture
title Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis
title_full Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis
title_fullStr Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis
title_full_unstemmed Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis
title_short Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis
title_sort four dimensional phenotyping reveals myosin xi dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward and stably directed growth in arabidopsis
topic branch angle and straightness
four-dimensional reconstruction
lateral branch morphology
myosin XI mutants
plant architecture
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882825100076/type/journal_article
work_keys_str_mv AT daichiyoshida fourdimensionalphenotypingrevealsmyosinxidependentestablishmentofbranchmorphologythroughupwardandstablydirectedgrowthinarabidopsis
AT itsukikunita fourdimensionalphenotypingrevealsmyosinxidependentestablishmentofbranchmorphologythroughupwardandstablydirectedgrowthinarabidopsis
AT masashitoda fourdimensionalphenotypingrevealsmyosinxidependentestablishmentofbranchmorphologythroughupwardandstablydirectedgrowthinarabidopsis
AT harukoueda fourdimensionalphenotypingrevealsmyosinxidependentestablishmentofbranchmorphologythroughupwardandstablydirectedgrowthinarabidopsis
AT takumihigaki fourdimensionalphenotypingrevealsmyosinxidependentestablishmentofbranchmorphologythroughupwardandstablydirectedgrowthinarabidopsis