Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis
Plants develop characteristic shoot architectures by extending branches at specific angles. Primary shoots bend in response to gravity and then adjust the orientation through an organ-straightening process to achieve a mechanically favorable shape. However, how plants integrate branch structure with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Quantitative Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882825100076/type/journal_article |
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| author | Daichi Yoshida Itsuki Kunita Masashi Toda Haruko Ueda Takumi Higaki |
| author_facet | Daichi Yoshida Itsuki Kunita Masashi Toda Haruko Ueda Takumi Higaki |
| author_sort | Daichi Yoshida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants develop characteristic shoot architectures by extending branches at specific angles. Primary shoots bend in response to gravity and then adjust the orientation through an organ-straightening process to achieve a mechanically favorable shape. However, how plants integrate branch structure with the shoot architecture remains uncertain. Here, we examined the lateral branch morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants for myosin XI motor proteins through a combination of three-dimensional reconstruction and temporal imaging. The wild type and myosin xif mutant formed S-shaped branches and gradually adjusted the branch angle upwards. The myosin xik mutant exhibited straighter and drooping branches and maintained branch angles. The myosin xif xik double mutant formed branches with irregular directional changes with fluctuating angles. These results suggest that MYOSIN XIk and XIf are required for the establishment of branch morphology through upward bending, stabilizing growth direction, and maintaining curvature. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e9ffd5da9c15460fb957bb99c0daa8b2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2632-8828 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Quantitative Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e9ffd5da9c15460fb957bb99c0daa8b22025-08-20T02:23:27ZengCambridge University PressQuantitative Plant Biology2632-88282025-01-01610.1017/qpb.2025.10007Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in ArabidopsisDaichi Yoshida0Itsuki Kunita1Masashi Toda2Haruko Ueda3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-076XTakumi Higaki4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-3930Graduate School of Science and Technology, https://ror.org/02cgss904Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JapanFaculty of Engineering, https://ror.org/02z1n9q24University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, JapanResearch and Education Institute for Semiconductors and Informatics, https://ror.org/02cgss904Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JapanFaculty of Science and Engineering, https://ror.org/059b5pb30Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Graduate School of Natural Science, https://ror.org/059b5pb30Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, https://ror.org/02cgss904Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, https://ror.org/02cgss904Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JapanPlants develop characteristic shoot architectures by extending branches at specific angles. Primary shoots bend in response to gravity and then adjust the orientation through an organ-straightening process to achieve a mechanically favorable shape. However, how plants integrate branch structure with the shoot architecture remains uncertain. Here, we examined the lateral branch morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants for myosin XI motor proteins through a combination of three-dimensional reconstruction and temporal imaging. The wild type and myosin xif mutant formed S-shaped branches and gradually adjusted the branch angle upwards. The myosin xik mutant exhibited straighter and drooping branches and maintained branch angles. The myosin xif xik double mutant formed branches with irregular directional changes with fluctuating angles. These results suggest that MYOSIN XIk and XIf are required for the establishment of branch morphology through upward bending, stabilizing growth direction, and maintaining curvature.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882825100076/type/journal_articlebranch angle and straightnessfour-dimensional reconstructionlateral branch morphologymyosin XI mutantsplant architecture |
| spellingShingle | Daichi Yoshida Itsuki Kunita Masashi Toda Haruko Ueda Takumi Higaki Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis Quantitative Plant Biology branch angle and straightness four-dimensional reconstruction lateral branch morphology myosin XI mutants plant architecture |
| title | Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | Four-dimensional phenotyping reveals MYOSIN XI-dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward- and stably-directed growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | four dimensional phenotyping reveals myosin xi dependent establishment of branch morphology through upward and stably directed growth in arabidopsis |
| topic | branch angle and straightness four-dimensional reconstruction lateral branch morphology myosin XI mutants plant architecture |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882825100076/type/journal_article |
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