Tightening and anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts

This paper investigates the tightening and anti-loosening performance of phosphated spring washers (i.e., PSW) and galvanized spring washers (i.e., GSW), considering three torques and comparing them with galvanized flat washers (i.e., GFW). Subsequently, a finite element model of the spring washer c...

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Main Authors: Yaning Ren, Junkuo Li, Lihuan Wang, Fan Gao, Dachang Zhang, Hao Hu, Wanzhi Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Results in Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024012155
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author Yaning Ren
Junkuo Li
Lihuan Wang
Fan Gao
Dachang Zhang
Hao Hu
Wanzhi Zhou
author_facet Yaning Ren
Junkuo Li
Lihuan Wang
Fan Gao
Dachang Zhang
Hao Hu
Wanzhi Zhou
author_sort Yaning Ren
collection DOAJ
description This paper investigates the tightening and anti-loosening performance of phosphated spring washers (i.e., PSW) and galvanized spring washers (i.e., GSW), considering three torques and comparing them with galvanized flat washers (i.e., GFW). Subsequently, a finite element model of the spring washer connecting bolt was established and validated, further investigating the force performance of the spring washer and the stress distribution in the thread area. Finally, a quantitative evaluation method for the anti-loosening performance of spring washers was proposed. The results show that the preload of GSW is maximum after the nut is tightened, and the loss of preload can be supplied by the flattened spring washer. At the same time, the inner ring of the spring washer is sticking, while the outer ring is sliding. Similarly, the contact pressure of the washer decreases radially. During the lateral vibration process, the decrease curve of preload consists of three stages: initial stage, stable stage, and loosening rotation stage. Specifically, GSW has the best anti-loosening performance, because the wear of the zinc layer increases friction. More importantly, the spring washer compensates for the gap between the nut contact surface during transverse vibration, ensuring uniform force distribution in the threaded area and effectively improving the anti-loosening performance.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Results in Engineering
spelling doaj-art-e9ff63b948624692b0be18aa36a58b5e2025-08-20T02:35:00ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-12-012410296010.1016/j.rineng.2024.102960Tightening and anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting boltsYaning Ren0Junkuo Li1Lihuan Wang2Fan Gao3Dachang Zhang4Hao Hu5Wanzhi Zhou6State Grid Hebei Economic Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050000, ChinaState Grid Hebei Economic Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050000, ChinaState Grid Hebei Economic Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050000, ChinaState Grid Hebei Economic Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050000, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China; Corresponding author.This paper investigates the tightening and anti-loosening performance of phosphated spring washers (i.e., PSW) and galvanized spring washers (i.e., GSW), considering three torques and comparing them with galvanized flat washers (i.e., GFW). Subsequently, a finite element model of the spring washer connecting bolt was established and validated, further investigating the force performance of the spring washer and the stress distribution in the thread area. Finally, a quantitative evaluation method for the anti-loosening performance of spring washers was proposed. The results show that the preload of GSW is maximum after the nut is tightened, and the loss of preload can be supplied by the flattened spring washer. At the same time, the inner ring of the spring washer is sticking, while the outer ring is sliding. Similarly, the contact pressure of the washer decreases radially. During the lateral vibration process, the decrease curve of preload consists of three stages: initial stage, stable stage, and loosening rotation stage. Specifically, GSW has the best anti-loosening performance, because the wear of the zinc layer increases friction. More importantly, the spring washer compensates for the gap between the nut contact surface during transverse vibration, ensuring uniform force distribution in the threaded area and effectively improving the anti-loosening performance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024012155Spring washerTightening performanceAnti-loosening performancePreloadGalvanized bolt
spellingShingle Yaning Ren
Junkuo Li
Lihuan Wang
Fan Gao
Dachang Zhang
Hao Hu
Wanzhi Zhou
Tightening and anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts
Results in Engineering
Spring washer
Tightening performance
Anti-loosening performance
Preload
Galvanized bolt
title Tightening and anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts
title_full Tightening and anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts
title_fullStr Tightening and anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts
title_full_unstemmed Tightening and anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts
title_short Tightening and anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts
title_sort tightening and anti loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts
topic Spring washer
Tightening performance
Anti-loosening performance
Preload
Galvanized bolt
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024012155
work_keys_str_mv AT yaningren tighteningandantilooseningperformanceofspringwasherconnectingbolts
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AT fangao tighteningandantilooseningperformanceofspringwasherconnectingbolts
AT dachangzhang tighteningandantilooseningperformanceofspringwasherconnectingbolts
AT haohu tighteningandantilooseningperformanceofspringwasherconnectingbolts
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