Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a global health concern due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. This study evaluated the efficacy of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin against MRSA using phospholipids extract...

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Main Authors: Enkhtaivan Erdene, Odonchimeg Munkhjargal, Galindev Batnasan, Enkhjargal Dorjbal, Baatarkhuu Oidov, Ariunsanaa Byambaa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/378
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author Enkhtaivan Erdene
Odonchimeg Munkhjargal
Galindev Batnasan
Enkhjargal Dorjbal
Baatarkhuu Oidov
Ariunsanaa Byambaa
author_facet Enkhtaivan Erdene
Odonchimeg Munkhjargal
Galindev Batnasan
Enkhjargal Dorjbal
Baatarkhuu Oidov
Ariunsanaa Byambaa
author_sort Enkhtaivan Erdene
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a global health concern due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. This study evaluated the efficacy of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin against MRSA using phospholipids extracted from egg yolk. Liposomes were prepared via the freeze–thaw method, yielding vesicles with an average diameter of 157.01 ± 33.04 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.0442, indicating uniformity and stability. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the microdilution method. Liposome-encapsulated vancomycin demonstrated complete bacterial growth inhibition (100%) against MRSA ATCC 2758 at dilutions of 10<sup>1</sup> and 10<sup>2</sup>, compared to only 50% inhibition by free vancomycin at 10<sup>1</sup>. At higher dilutions (10<sup>3</sup>), liposome-encapsulated vancomycin maintained 70% inhibition, whereas free vancomycin was ineffective. In vivo studies using a murine wound infection model revealed that wounds treated with liposome-encapsulated vancomycin achieved superior healing, with complete tissue regeneration observed by day 14. Histological analysis showed reduced inflammation and enhanced tissue recovery in liposome-encapsulated vancomycin-treated groups, compared to fibrosis and persistent necrosis in free vancomycin-treated groups. By enabling sustained drug release and improved bioavailability, liposomal formulations minimized required dosages and systemic toxicity, reducing the risk of resistance development. This study highlights the clinical potential of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin as a scalable, cost-effective treatment for MRSA, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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spelling doaj-art-e9fcaf03a16f488ebaa53e5a120028022025-08-20T02:44:49ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-02-0113237810.3390/biomedicines13020378Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Enkhtaivan Erdene0Odonchimeg Munkhjargal1Galindev Batnasan2Enkhjargal Dorjbal3Baatarkhuu Oidov4Ariunsanaa Byambaa5Department of Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14200, MongoliaMongolian Academy of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ulaanbaatar 14200, MongoliaExperimental Animal Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14200, MongoliaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14200, MongoliaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14200, MongoliaDepartment of Microbiology, Infection Prevention and Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a global health concern due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. This study evaluated the efficacy of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin against MRSA using phospholipids extracted from egg yolk. Liposomes were prepared via the freeze–thaw method, yielding vesicles with an average diameter of 157.01 ± 33.04 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.0442, indicating uniformity and stability. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the microdilution method. Liposome-encapsulated vancomycin demonstrated complete bacterial growth inhibition (100%) against MRSA ATCC 2758 at dilutions of 10<sup>1</sup> and 10<sup>2</sup>, compared to only 50% inhibition by free vancomycin at 10<sup>1</sup>. At higher dilutions (10<sup>3</sup>), liposome-encapsulated vancomycin maintained 70% inhibition, whereas free vancomycin was ineffective. In vivo studies using a murine wound infection model revealed that wounds treated with liposome-encapsulated vancomycin achieved superior healing, with complete tissue regeneration observed by day 14. Histological analysis showed reduced inflammation and enhanced tissue recovery in liposome-encapsulated vancomycin-treated groups, compared to fibrosis and persistent necrosis in free vancomycin-treated groups. By enabling sustained drug release and improved bioavailability, liposomal formulations minimized required dosages and systemic toxicity, reducing the risk of resistance development. This study highlights the clinical potential of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin as a scalable, cost-effective treatment for MRSA, particularly in resource-limited settings.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/378liposomevancomycinMRSAnanocarrierswound healing
spellingShingle Enkhtaivan Erdene
Odonchimeg Munkhjargal
Galindev Batnasan
Enkhjargal Dorjbal
Baatarkhuu Oidov
Ariunsanaa Byambaa
Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Biomedicines
liposome
vancomycin
MRSA
nanocarriers
wound healing
title Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_fullStr Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_short Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_sort evaluation of liposome encapsulated vancomycin against methicillin resistant i staphylococcus aureus i
topic liposome
vancomycin
MRSA
nanocarriers
wound healing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/378
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AT galindevbatnasan evaluationofliposomeencapsulatedvancomycinagainstmethicillinresistantistaphylococcusaureusi
AT enkhjargaldorjbal evaluationofliposomeencapsulatedvancomycinagainstmethicillinresistantistaphylococcusaureusi
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