How variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomes

Abstract Biodiversity offsetting aims to balance biodiversity loss at development sites with gains at offset sites. Measurement of loss and gain relies on transparent and repeatable estimates of biodiversity values. However, these estimates are often derived from field assessments by people who diff...

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Main Authors: Peter Contos, Emma Gorrod, Karen Caves, Ian Oliver, Josh W. Dorrough
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Conservation Science and Practice
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70096
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author Peter Contos
Emma Gorrod
Karen Caves
Ian Oliver
Josh W. Dorrough
author_facet Peter Contos
Emma Gorrod
Karen Caves
Ian Oliver
Josh W. Dorrough
author_sort Peter Contos
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Biodiversity offsetting aims to balance biodiversity loss at development sites with gains at offset sites. Measurement of loss and gain relies on transparent and repeatable estimates of biodiversity values. However, these estimates are often derived from field assessments by people who differ in their interpretation and measurement of biodiversity, either randomly or systematically. Variation among people during field assessments may therefore impact offset outcomes and contribute to uncertainty around the effectiveness of biodiversity offset schemes. Here, we describe variation in loss, gain, and offset outcomes using concurrent assessments by five assessors on eight sites using a multi‐metric biodiversity valuation method from New South Wales, Australia. We found variation among assessors was high for field estimates but substantially decreased for current biodiversity valuations. However, variation increased for the prediction of future biodiversity gains, in the calculation of the required offset area, and contributed an average of 19% variation in development credits (biodiversity loss) and 34% variation in offset credits (biodiversity gain). Evidence of systematic bias among observers for some attributes added further uncertainty to offset outcomes. Our study reveals the need for improved assessor training and field methods to improve assessment consistency, transparency, and reduce offset outcome variability.
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spelling doaj-art-e9f78732423e48078e8d7ff5223e978d2025-08-20T04:01:48ZengWileyConservation Science and Practice2578-48542025-08-0178n/an/a10.1111/csp2.70096How variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomesPeter Contos0Emma Gorrod1Karen Caves2Ian Oliver3Josh W. Dorrough4Conservation and Restoration Science Branch Department of Climate Change, Energy, The Environment and Water Sydney New South Wales AustraliaConservation and Restoration Science Branch Department of Climate Change, Energy, The Environment and Water Sydney New South Wales AustraliaNature Markets and Offsets Division Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water Sydney New South Wales AustraliaConservation and Restoration Science Branch Department of Climate Change, Energy, The Environment and Water Sydney New South Wales AustraliaConservation and Restoration Science Branch Department of Climate Change, Energy, The Environment and Water Sydney New South Wales AustraliaAbstract Biodiversity offsetting aims to balance biodiversity loss at development sites with gains at offset sites. Measurement of loss and gain relies on transparent and repeatable estimates of biodiversity values. However, these estimates are often derived from field assessments by people who differ in their interpretation and measurement of biodiversity, either randomly or systematically. Variation among people during field assessments may therefore impact offset outcomes and contribute to uncertainty around the effectiveness of biodiversity offset schemes. Here, we describe variation in loss, gain, and offset outcomes using concurrent assessments by five assessors on eight sites using a multi‐metric biodiversity valuation method from New South Wales, Australia. We found variation among assessors was high for field estimates but substantially decreased for current biodiversity valuations. However, variation increased for the prediction of future biodiversity gains, in the calculation of the required offset area, and contributed an average of 19% variation in development credits (biodiversity loss) and 34% variation in offset credits (biodiversity gain). Evidence of systematic bias among observers for some attributes added further uncertainty to offset outcomes. Our study reveals the need for improved assessor training and field methods to improve assessment consistency, transparency, and reduce offset outcome variability.https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70096biodiversity offsetsenvironmental policyinter‐observer variationno net lossobserver variationoffset schemes
spellingShingle Peter Contos
Emma Gorrod
Karen Caves
Ian Oliver
Josh W. Dorrough
How variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomes
Conservation Science and Practice
biodiversity offsets
environmental policy
inter‐observer variation
no net loss
observer variation
offset schemes
title How variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomes
title_full How variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomes
title_fullStr How variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomes
title_full_unstemmed How variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomes
title_short How variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomes
title_sort how variation among field assessments can affect biodiversity offset outcomes
topic biodiversity offsets
environmental policy
inter‐observer variation
no net loss
observer variation
offset schemes
url https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70096
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