Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless Access
In response to the urgent demands of the Internet of Things for precise indoor target positioning and information interaction, this paper proposes a multi-band analog radio-over-fiber mobile fronthaul system. The objective is to obtain the target’s location in indoor environments while integrating r...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Hang Yang Wei Tian Jianhua Li Yang Chen |
| author_facet | Hang Yang Wei Tian Jianhua Li Yang Chen |
| author_sort | Hang Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In response to the urgent demands of the Internet of Things for precise indoor target positioning and information interaction, this paper proposes a multi-band analog radio-over-fiber mobile fronthaul system. The objective is to obtain the target’s location in indoor environments while integrating remote beamforming capabilities to achieve wireless access to the targets. Vector signals centered at 3, 4, 5, and 6 GHz for indoor positioning and centered at 30 GHz for wireless access are generated centrally in the distributed unit (DU) and fiber-distributed to the active antenna unit (AAU) in the multi-band analog radio-over-fiber mobile fronthaul system. Target positioning is achieved by radiating electromagnetic waves indoors through four omnidirectional antennas in conjunction with a pre-trained neural network, while high-speed wireless communication is realized through a phased array antenna (PAA) comprising four antenna elements. Remote beamforming for the PAA is implemented through the integration of an optical true time delay pool in the multi-band analog radio-over-fiber mobile fronthaul system. This integration decouples the weight control of beamforming from the AAU, enabling centralized control of beam direction at the DU and thereby reducing the complexity and cost of the AAU. Simulation results show that the average accuracy of localization classification can reach 86.92%, and six discrete beam directions are achieved via the optical true time delay pool. In the optical transmission layer, when the received optical power is 10 dBm, the error vector magnitudes (EVMs) of vector signals in all frequency bands remain below 3%. In the wireless transmission layer, two beam directions were selected for verification. Once the beam is aligned with the target device at maximum gain and the received signal is properly processed, the EVM of millimeter-wave vector signals remains below 11%. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e9f6007d42b34aa0996f17c8c996e940 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-e9f6007d42b34aa0996f17c8c996e9402025-08-20T02:09:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01257233810.3390/s25072338Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless AccessHang Yang0Wei Tian1Jianhua Li2Yang Chen3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaJiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330096, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaIn response to the urgent demands of the Internet of Things for precise indoor target positioning and information interaction, this paper proposes a multi-band analog radio-over-fiber mobile fronthaul system. The objective is to obtain the target’s location in indoor environments while integrating remote beamforming capabilities to achieve wireless access to the targets. Vector signals centered at 3, 4, 5, and 6 GHz for indoor positioning and centered at 30 GHz for wireless access are generated centrally in the distributed unit (DU) and fiber-distributed to the active antenna unit (AAU) in the multi-band analog radio-over-fiber mobile fronthaul system. Target positioning is achieved by radiating electromagnetic waves indoors through four omnidirectional antennas in conjunction with a pre-trained neural network, while high-speed wireless communication is realized through a phased array antenna (PAA) comprising four antenna elements. Remote beamforming for the PAA is implemented through the integration of an optical true time delay pool in the multi-band analog radio-over-fiber mobile fronthaul system. This integration decouples the weight control of beamforming from the AAU, enabling centralized control of beam direction at the DU and thereby reducing the complexity and cost of the AAU. Simulation results show that the average accuracy of localization classification can reach 86.92%, and six discrete beam directions are achieved via the optical true time delay pool. In the optical transmission layer, when the received optical power is 10 dBm, the error vector magnitudes (EVMs) of vector signals in all frequency bands remain below 3%. In the wireless transmission layer, two beam directions were selected for verification. Once the beam is aligned with the target device at maximum gain and the received signal is properly processed, the EVM of millimeter-wave vector signals remains below 11%.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2338radio-over-fiberremote beamformingindoor positioningchannel state information |
| spellingShingle | Hang Yang Wei Tian Jianhua Li Yang Chen Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless Access Sensors radio-over-fiber remote beamforming indoor positioning channel state information |
| title | Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless Access |
| title_full | Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless Access |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless Access |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless Access |
| title_short | Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless Access |
| title_sort | multi band analog radio over fiber mobile fronthaul system for indoor positioning beamforming and wireless access |
| topic | radio-over-fiber remote beamforming indoor positioning channel state information |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2338 |
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