Development and validation of the Chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scale

IntroductionRegular physical activity is essential for preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents while also enhancing mental well-being. For teenagers, behaviors are predominantly shaped by habits, highlighting the importance of fostering positive physical activity practices. Sch...

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Main Authors: Shengting Dai, Yang Wu, Jingfei Yan, Li Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Education
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1534843/full
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author Shengting Dai
Shengting Dai
Yang Wu
Yang Wu
Jingfei Yan
Jingfei Yan
Li Zeng
Li Zeng
author_facet Shengting Dai
Shengting Dai
Yang Wu
Yang Wu
Jingfei Yan
Jingfei Yan
Li Zeng
Li Zeng
author_sort Shengting Dai
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionRegular physical activity is essential for preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents while also enhancing mental well-being. For teenagers, behaviors are predominantly shaped by habits, highlighting the importance of fostering positive physical activity practices. Schools, as central to adolescents’ daily routines, play a critical role in influencing students’ lifestyles and activity levels.MethodsThis study aimed to develop and validate a measurement instrument tailored to the Chinese social context to assess the impact of school-based factors on adolescents’ physical activity habits. A sample of 1,061 students was recruited through stratified cluster sampling from 24 secondary schools across six provinces in China. Following data cleaning, 1,004 valid responses were analyzed. The sample was divided into two subsets: one (n = 502) for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and one (n = 502) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsEFA identified four factors comprising 19 items: Facility Environment Attraction (5 items), Specification of Teachers’ Competence (5 items), Influence of Peer Relationships (5 items), and Guarantee of Curriculum Setting (4 items). The factors demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.841–0.895). CFA confirmed the scale’s validity with an acceptable model fit (CMIN/DF = 3.888, TLI = 0.904, SRMR = 0.043, RMSEA = 0.046, GFI = 0.918). Additionally, the scale exhibited high internal consistency and test–retest reliability.DiscussionThis validated instrument provides researchers with a robust tool to evaluate school-related influences on physical activity habits among Chinese adolescents. The findings offer practical insights for promoting healthy behaviors, improving physical and mental health, and fostering holistic well-being in this population.
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spelling doaj-art-e9ead81fd4684f6e8266078b076b2c422025-08-20T01:49:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Education2504-284X2025-05-011010.3389/feduc.2025.15348431534843Development and validation of the Chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scaleShengting Dai0Shengting Dai1Yang Wu2Yang Wu3Jingfei Yan4Jingfei Yan5Li Zeng6Li Zeng7School of Sports Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute of Health Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Sports Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute of Health Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaMinistry of Physical Education, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Sports Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute of Health Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaIntroductionRegular physical activity is essential for preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents while also enhancing mental well-being. For teenagers, behaviors are predominantly shaped by habits, highlighting the importance of fostering positive physical activity practices. Schools, as central to adolescents’ daily routines, play a critical role in influencing students’ lifestyles and activity levels.MethodsThis study aimed to develop and validate a measurement instrument tailored to the Chinese social context to assess the impact of school-based factors on adolescents’ physical activity habits. A sample of 1,061 students was recruited through stratified cluster sampling from 24 secondary schools across six provinces in China. Following data cleaning, 1,004 valid responses were analyzed. The sample was divided into two subsets: one (n = 502) for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and one (n = 502) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsEFA identified four factors comprising 19 items: Facility Environment Attraction (5 items), Specification of Teachers’ Competence (5 items), Influence of Peer Relationships (5 items), and Guarantee of Curriculum Setting (4 items). The factors demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.841–0.895). CFA confirmed the scale’s validity with an acceptable model fit (CMIN/DF = 3.888, TLI = 0.904, SRMR = 0.043, RMSEA = 0.046, GFI = 0.918). Additionally, the scale exhibited high internal consistency and test–retest reliability.DiscussionThis validated instrument provides researchers with a robust tool to evaluate school-related influences on physical activity habits among Chinese adolescents. The findings offer practical insights for promoting healthy behaviors, improving physical and mental health, and fostering holistic well-being in this population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1534843/fullChinese adolescentsphysical activity habitsschool environmentscale developmentfactor analysis
spellingShingle Shengting Dai
Shengting Dai
Yang Wu
Yang Wu
Jingfei Yan
Jingfei Yan
Li Zeng
Li Zeng
Development and validation of the Chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scale
Frontiers in Education
Chinese adolescents
physical activity habits
school environment
scale development
factor analysis
title Development and validation of the Chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scale
title_full Development and validation of the Chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scale
title_fullStr Development and validation of the Chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scale
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of the Chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scale
title_short Development and validation of the Chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scale
title_sort development and validation of the chinese school environment influencing physical activity habits scale
topic Chinese adolescents
physical activity habits
school environment
scale development
factor analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1534843/full
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