One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude
Numbers are associated with space, but it is unclear how flexible these associations are. We investigated whether the SNARC effect (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; Dehaene et al. 1993 J. Exp. Psychol. 122, 371–396. (doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.3.371); i.e. faster responses to small/la...
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The Royal Society
2025-01-01
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| author | Lilly Roth John Caffier Ulf-Dietrich Reips Hans-Christoph Nuerk Annika Tave Overlander Krzysztof Cipora |
| author_facet | Lilly Roth John Caffier Ulf-Dietrich Reips Hans-Christoph Nuerk Annika Tave Overlander Krzysztof Cipora |
| author_sort | Lilly Roth |
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| description | Numbers are associated with space, but it is unclear how flexible these associations are. We investigated whether the SNARC effect (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; Dehaene et al. 1993 J. Exp. Psychol. 122, 371–396. (doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.3.371); i.e. faster responses to small/large number magnitude with the left/right hand, respectively) is fully flexible (depending only on relative magnitude within a stimulus set) or not (depending on absolute magnitude as well). Evidence for relative-magnitude dependency came from studies observing that numbers 4 and 5 were associated with the right in a 0–5 range but with the left in a 4–9 range (Dehaene et al. 1993; Fias et al. 1996 Math. Cogn. 2, 95–110 (doi:10.1080/135467996387552). Within this Registered Report, we conducted two online experiments running Bayesian analyses with optional recruitment stopping at moderate evidence (BF10 above 3 or below 1/3). Experiment 1 (n = 200) replicated relative-magnitude dependency using the original stimuli. However, Experiment 2 (n = 300) additionally demonstrated absolute-magnitude dependency, while considering recent advances in SNARC research using 1–5 excluding 3 and 4–8 excluding 6. In contrast to the frequently perpetuated notion of fully flexible Spatial-Numerical Associations, some fixed relation to absolute magnitude prevails. These findings have important consequences for understanding how Spatial-Numerical Associations might support numerical processing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e9e391e0d071401ab9c1eee0915e4fb0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
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| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-e9e391e0d071401ab9c1eee0915e4fb02025-08-20T02:26:51ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-01-0112110.1098/rsos.241585One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitudeLilly Roth0John Caffier1Ulf-Dietrich Reips2Hans-Christoph Nuerk3Annika Tave Overlander4Krzysztof Cipora5Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, GermanyDepartment of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, GermanyDepartment of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, GermanyCentre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UKNumbers are associated with space, but it is unclear how flexible these associations are. We investigated whether the SNARC effect (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; Dehaene et al. 1993 J. Exp. Psychol. 122, 371–396. (doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.3.371); i.e. faster responses to small/large number magnitude with the left/right hand, respectively) is fully flexible (depending only on relative magnitude within a stimulus set) or not (depending on absolute magnitude as well). Evidence for relative-magnitude dependency came from studies observing that numbers 4 and 5 were associated with the right in a 0–5 range but with the left in a 4–9 range (Dehaene et al. 1993; Fias et al. 1996 Math. Cogn. 2, 95–110 (doi:10.1080/135467996387552). Within this Registered Report, we conducted two online experiments running Bayesian analyses with optional recruitment stopping at moderate evidence (BF10 above 3 or below 1/3). Experiment 1 (n = 200) replicated relative-magnitude dependency using the original stimuli. However, Experiment 2 (n = 300) additionally demonstrated absolute-magnitude dependency, while considering recent advances in SNARC research using 1–5 excluding 3 and 4–8 excluding 6. In contrast to the frequently perpetuated notion of fully flexible Spatial-Numerical Associations, some fixed relation to absolute magnitude prevails. These findings have important consequences for understanding how Spatial-Numerical Associations might support numerical processing.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241585Spatial-Numerical AssociationsSNARC effectmental number linereplicationflexibility |
| spellingShingle | Lilly Roth John Caffier Ulf-Dietrich Reips Hans-Christoph Nuerk Annika Tave Overlander Krzysztof Cipora One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude Royal Society Open Science Spatial-Numerical Associations SNARC effect mental number line replication flexibility |
| title | One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude |
| title_full | One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude |
| title_fullStr | One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude |
| title_full_unstemmed | One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude |
| title_short | One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude |
| title_sort | one and only snarc spatial numerical associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude |
| topic | Spatial-Numerical Associations SNARC effect mental number line replication flexibility |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241585 |
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