A nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER database and external validation study

PurposeOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often presents with unsatisfactory survival outcomes, especially in advanced stages. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram incorporating demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment-related factors to improve the prediction of overall surviva...

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Main Authors: Ziye Xu, Manbin Xu, Zhichen Sun, Qin Feng, Shaowei Xu, Hanwei Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1557459/full
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author Ziye Xu
Manbin Xu
Zhichen Sun
Qin Feng
Shaowei Xu
Hanwei Peng
author_facet Ziye Xu
Manbin Xu
Zhichen Sun
Qin Feng
Shaowei Xu
Hanwei Peng
author_sort Ziye Xu
collection DOAJ
description PurposeOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often presents with unsatisfactory survival outcomes, especially in advanced stages. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram incorporating demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment-related factors to improve the prediction of overall survival (OS) in OSCC patients.MethodsData from 15,204 OSCC patients in a US database were retrospectively utilized to construct a prognostic model and generate a nomogram. External validation was performed using an independent cohort of 359 patients from a specialized cancer center in China. Prognostic factors were identified using Cox regression analysis and incorporated into the nomogram. Model performance was evaluated by concordance index (C-index), time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). A risk stratification system was developed to classify patients into high- and low-risk groups.ResultsAge, sex, primary tumor site, T and N staging, and treatment modalities (including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) were found to be independent prognostic factors. The nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.727 in the training set and 0.6845 in the validation set, outperforming the conventional TNM staging system. The nomogram’s superior predictive accuracy was confirmed by higher AUC values, better calibration, and improved clinical utility as demonstrated by DCA. Risk stratification, based on the nomogram, distinguished patients into distinct prognostic groups with significant OS differences.ConclusionsThis nomogram provides an effective, personalized tool for predicting OS in OSCC. It offers clinicians a valuable aid for treatment decision-making and improves patient management.
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spelling doaj-art-e9e2f8bb54474bdcaa384915bcd926902025-08-20T02:55:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-03-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15574591557459A nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER database and external validation studyZiye Xu0Manbin Xu1Zhichen Sun2Qin Feng3Shaowei Xu4Hanwei Peng5Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaOtolaryngology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaPurposeOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often presents with unsatisfactory survival outcomes, especially in advanced stages. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram incorporating demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment-related factors to improve the prediction of overall survival (OS) in OSCC patients.MethodsData from 15,204 OSCC patients in a US database were retrospectively utilized to construct a prognostic model and generate a nomogram. External validation was performed using an independent cohort of 359 patients from a specialized cancer center in China. Prognostic factors were identified using Cox regression analysis and incorporated into the nomogram. Model performance was evaluated by concordance index (C-index), time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). A risk stratification system was developed to classify patients into high- and low-risk groups.ResultsAge, sex, primary tumor site, T and N staging, and treatment modalities (including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) were found to be independent prognostic factors. The nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.727 in the training set and 0.6845 in the validation set, outperforming the conventional TNM staging system. The nomogram’s superior predictive accuracy was confirmed by higher AUC values, better calibration, and improved clinical utility as demonstrated by DCA. Risk stratification, based on the nomogram, distinguished patients into distinct prognostic groups with significant OS differences.ConclusionsThis nomogram provides an effective, personalized tool for predicting OS in OSCC. It offers clinicians a valuable aid for treatment decision-making and improves patient management.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1557459/fulloral squamous cell carcinomaoral canceroverall survivalnomogramprognosis
spellingShingle Ziye Xu
Manbin Xu
Zhichen Sun
Qin Feng
Shaowei Xu
Hanwei Peng
A nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER database and external validation study
Frontiers in Oncology
oral squamous cell carcinoma
oral cancer
overall survival
nomogram
prognosis
title A nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER database and external validation study
title_full A nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER database and external validation study
title_fullStr A nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER database and external validation study
title_full_unstemmed A nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER database and external validation study
title_short A nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER database and external validation study
title_sort nomogram for predicting overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma a seer database and external validation study
topic oral squamous cell carcinoma
oral cancer
overall survival
nomogram
prognosis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1557459/full
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