Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL

Objective(s): Toxin B and isotoxin B (TB, isoTB) are major constituents of the Taxus baccata tree. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of TB and isoTB on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), particularly on human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 protease (HTLV-1 PR). HTLV-1 protease (HTLV-1 P...

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Main Authors: Arezoo Baghban, Mohammad Momen Heravi, Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee, Mohsen Tafaghodi, Mohammadreza Bozorgmehr
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2025-08-01
Series:Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25971_bf99c07fa45a40c7d56e3a33a26b985a.pdf
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author Arezoo Baghban
Mohammad Momen Heravi
Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
Mohsen Tafaghodi
Mohammadreza Bozorgmehr
author_facet Arezoo Baghban
Mohammad Momen Heravi
Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
Mohsen Tafaghodi
Mohammadreza Bozorgmehr
author_sort Arezoo Baghban
collection DOAJ
description Objective(s): Toxin B and isotoxin B (TB, isoTB) are major constituents of the Taxus baccata tree. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of TB and isoTB on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), particularly on human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 protease (HTLV-1 PR). HTLV-1 protease (HTLV-1 PR) is an aspartic acid protease and a promising therapeutic target for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) PR inhibitors. Materials and Methods: The anticancer properties of T. baccata plant components encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (NPs/ PLGA/TB) were evaluated by in vitro assays using different cell lines. Cancerous cell lines, including HTLV-1-infected-MT2, were treated with varying concentrations of TB and alcoholic extract, and a combined peptide was designed and expressed using recombined NPs/PLGA/TB in a human Fc gamma1 (HTLV-1 PR: hFc gamma1) against HTLV-1. Results: Our results show that the viability of cancer cells after NPs/ PLGA/TB treatment significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner using the MTT assay. The inhibitory effect of NPs/ PLGA/TB on the HTLV-1-infected-MT2 cell line, in the absence of recombinant peptide, was (38.98 ± 0.23) and in the presence was (16.18 ± 2.03) in 72 hr (P<0.001). This indicates a double inhibitory effect in the presence of the peptide. The enzymatic effect of HTLV-1-protease on its fluorochrome substrate in the presence of TB and isoTB showed nearly complete enzyme inhibition. Conclusion: These findings present a promising avenue for introducing therapeutic agents with anticancer properties to treat progressive cancers, such as viral ATLL, and inducing effective antiviral responses.
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2008-3874
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
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spelling doaj-art-e9cdf0705af1457ca809e9df182ace472025-08-20T02:48:09ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38742025-08-012881047105610.22038/ijbms.2025.83900.1815425971Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLLArezoo Baghban0Mohammad Momen Heravi1Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee2Mohsen Tafaghodi3Mohammadreza Bozorgmehr4Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranObjective(s): Toxin B and isotoxin B (TB, isoTB) are major constituents of the Taxus baccata tree. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of TB and isoTB on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), particularly on human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 protease (HTLV-1 PR). HTLV-1 protease (HTLV-1 PR) is an aspartic acid protease and a promising therapeutic target for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) PR inhibitors. Materials and Methods: The anticancer properties of T. baccata plant components encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (NPs/ PLGA/TB) were evaluated by in vitro assays using different cell lines. Cancerous cell lines, including HTLV-1-infected-MT2, were treated with varying concentrations of TB and alcoholic extract, and a combined peptide was designed and expressed using recombined NPs/PLGA/TB in a human Fc gamma1 (HTLV-1 PR: hFc gamma1) against HTLV-1. Results: Our results show that the viability of cancer cells after NPs/ PLGA/TB treatment significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner using the MTT assay. The inhibitory effect of NPs/ PLGA/TB on the HTLV-1-infected-MT2 cell line, in the absence of recombinant peptide, was (38.98 ± 0.23) and in the presence was (16.18 ± 2.03) in 72 hr (P<0.001). This indicates a double inhibitory effect in the presence of the peptide. The enzymatic effect of HTLV-1-protease on its fluorochrome substrate in the presence of TB and isoTB showed nearly complete enzyme inhibition. Conclusion: These findings present a promising avenue for introducing therapeutic agents with anticancer properties to treat progressive cancers, such as viral ATLL, and inducing effective antiviral responses.https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25971_bf99c07fa45a40c7d56e3a33a26b985a.pdfcancerhuman t-cell leukemia - virus type 1 (htlv-1)nanoparticlespaclitaxelpoly lactic-co-glycolic acid - (plga)retrovirus
spellingShingle Arezoo Baghban
Mohammad Momen Heravi
Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
Mohsen Tafaghodi
Mohammadreza Bozorgmehr
Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
cancer
human t-cell leukemia - virus type 1 (htlv-1)
nanoparticles
paclitaxel
poly lactic-co-glycolic acid - (plga)
retrovirus
title Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL
title_full Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL
title_fullStr Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL
title_full_unstemmed Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL
title_short Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL
title_sort nanoencapsulation of b toxin from herbal extracts targeting htlv 1 protease and atll
topic cancer
human t-cell leukemia - virus type 1 (htlv-1)
nanoparticles
paclitaxel
poly lactic-co-glycolic acid - (plga)
retrovirus
url https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25971_bf99c07fa45a40c7d56e3a33a26b985a.pdf
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