Prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion

Abstract In response to the difficulty in predicting the change of bolt preload when using torque method to load bolt, this paper proposes a bolt preload prediction method based on mechanism and data fusion calculation for hexagonal end face bolt, and establishes a tightening prediction model based...

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Main Authors: Yueqi Qiao, Bing Zhao, Dingshan Deng, Weijin Ouyang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88213-y
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author Yueqi Qiao
Bing Zhao
Dingshan Deng
Weijin Ouyang
author_facet Yueqi Qiao
Bing Zhao
Dingshan Deng
Weijin Ouyang
author_sort Yueqi Qiao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In response to the difficulty in predicting the change of bolt preload when using torque method to load bolt, this paper proposes a bolt preload prediction method based on mechanism and data fusion calculation for hexagonal end face bolt, and establishes a tightening prediction model based on machine learning method. Firstly, a tightening mechanism model is established, revealing the reasons why bolt preload is difficult to predict and errors cannot be eliminated. Secondly, sensitivity evaluation indicator is established to conduct parameter sensitivity analysis, and the fusion method of “mechanism model guiding data model to perform feature selection” is determined. Finally, the tightening prediction model based on Gaussian Process Regression is proposed, and corresponding engineering prediction software is established. The experimental results show that this prediction model can not only predict the variation of bolt preload with tightening torque, but also synchronously display the confidence interval of bolt preload fluctuation in a probabilistic sense. Under different operating conditions, the prediction accuracy still remains above 98.18%. The prediction model breaks through the limitation of traditional method, which calculates the torque coefficient and indirectly loads the bolt preload.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-e9cd8a49a3b74b43a15c4adf5d2427bd2025-08-20T01:57:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-88213-yPrediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusionYueqi Qiao0Bing Zhao1Dingshan Deng2Weijin Ouyang3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai UniversityAbstract In response to the difficulty in predicting the change of bolt preload when using torque method to load bolt, this paper proposes a bolt preload prediction method based on mechanism and data fusion calculation for hexagonal end face bolt, and establishes a tightening prediction model based on machine learning method. Firstly, a tightening mechanism model is established, revealing the reasons why bolt preload is difficult to predict and errors cannot be eliminated. Secondly, sensitivity evaluation indicator is established to conduct parameter sensitivity analysis, and the fusion method of “mechanism model guiding data model to perform feature selection” is determined. Finally, the tightening prediction model based on Gaussian Process Regression is proposed, and corresponding engineering prediction software is established. The experimental results show that this prediction model can not only predict the variation of bolt preload with tightening torque, but also synchronously display the confidence interval of bolt preload fluctuation in a probabilistic sense. Under different operating conditions, the prediction accuracy still remains above 98.18%. The prediction model breaks through the limitation of traditional method, which calculates the torque coefficient and indirectly loads the bolt preload.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88213-yBolted connectionMechanism modelMechanism and data fusionGaussian process regressionPrediction model
spellingShingle Yueqi Qiao
Bing Zhao
Dingshan Deng
Weijin Ouyang
Prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion
Scientific Reports
Bolted connection
Mechanism model
Mechanism and data fusion
Gaussian process regression
Prediction model
title Prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion
title_full Prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion
title_fullStr Prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion
title_full_unstemmed Prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion
title_short Prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion
title_sort prediction model for nonlinear variation of bolt preload with tightening torque based on mechanism and data fusion
topic Bolted connection
Mechanism model
Mechanism and data fusion
Gaussian process regression
Prediction model
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88213-y
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AT bingzhao predictionmodelfornonlinearvariationofboltpreloadwithtighteningtorquebasedonmechanismanddatafusion
AT dingshandeng predictionmodelfornonlinearvariationofboltpreloadwithtighteningtorquebasedonmechanismanddatafusion
AT weijinouyang predictionmodelfornonlinearvariationofboltpreloadwithtighteningtorquebasedonmechanismanddatafusion