Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reaction

Abstract Sarcoid-like reaction is an immunological reaction that can affect lymph nodes and organs but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis. Anti-CD20 auto-antibodies have been reported to be responsible for such reactions. There are several reported associations between Ch...

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Main Authors: Joumana Freiha, Effie Grand, Ben Marshall, Ramamurthy Arunchalam, Ashwin Pinto, Chinar Osman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BMC Neurology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04020-y
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author Joumana Freiha
Effie Grand
Ben Marshall
Ramamurthy Arunchalam
Ashwin Pinto
Chinar Osman
author_facet Joumana Freiha
Effie Grand
Ben Marshall
Ramamurthy Arunchalam
Ashwin Pinto
Chinar Osman
author_sort Joumana Freiha
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sarcoid-like reaction is an immunological reaction that can affect lymph nodes and organs but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis. Anti-CD20 auto-antibodies have been reported to be responsible for such reactions. There are several reported associations between Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Sarcoid-like reactions (SLR). We report a case of ALS developing in a patient with treated CLL and drug related SLR one day after exposure to Venetoclax and Rituximab. A 60-year-old male presented with lower limb rash, left leg weakness followed by bulbar symptoms which progressed over 12-months. Workup demonstrated a Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Skin and inguinal lymph node biopsies showed non-necrotising granulomata. Electromyography met diagnostic criteria for ALS. He was treated for presumed neurosarcoidosis mimicking ALS. Despite prednisolone and infliximab treatment, the motor symptoms rapidly progressed; Hence, we made a clinical diagnosis of ALS. We discuss the diagnostic and treatment challenges of this case.
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spelling doaj-art-e9c0d329851c44dcb6315223c1e37fed2025-08-20T02:40:35ZengBMCBMC Neurology1471-23772025-01-012511510.1186/s12883-025-04020-yAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reactionJoumana Freiha0Effie Grand1Ben Marshall2Ramamurthy Arunchalam3Ashwin Pinto4Chinar Osman5Department of Neurology, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonDepartment of Haematology, Salisbury NHS Foundation TrustDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital SouthamptonDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonDepartment of Neurology, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonDepartment of Neurology, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital SouthamptonAbstract Sarcoid-like reaction is an immunological reaction that can affect lymph nodes and organs but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis. Anti-CD20 auto-antibodies have been reported to be responsible for such reactions. There are several reported associations between Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Sarcoid-like reactions (SLR). We report a case of ALS developing in a patient with treated CLL and drug related SLR one day after exposure to Venetoclax and Rituximab. A 60-year-old male presented with lower limb rash, left leg weakness followed by bulbar symptoms which progressed over 12-months. Workup demonstrated a Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Skin and inguinal lymph node biopsies showed non-necrotising granulomata. Electromyography met diagnostic criteria for ALS. He was treated for presumed neurosarcoidosis mimicking ALS. Despite prednisolone and infliximab treatment, the motor symptoms rapidly progressed; Hence, we made a clinical diagnosis of ALS. We discuss the diagnostic and treatment challenges of this case.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04020-y
spellingShingle Joumana Freiha
Effie Grand
Ben Marshall
Ramamurthy Arunchalam
Ashwin Pinto
Chinar Osman
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reaction
BMC Neurology
title Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reaction
title_full Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reaction
title_fullStr Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reaction
title_full_unstemmed Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reaction
title_short Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reaction
title_sort amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid like reaction
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04020-y
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