Multi-material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic: A systematic review

The objective of this review was to investigate dental literature for attempts including graded, layered or multi-material Additive Manufacturing of dental ceramics, with a goal to improve zirconia dental restorations, limitations related to decreased translucency and weak adhesion to tooth structur...

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Main Authors: Sinan A. Shwailiya, Mahammed Rashid Hameed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Open Ceramics
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539525000082
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author Sinan A. Shwailiya
Mahammed Rashid Hameed
author_facet Sinan A. Shwailiya
Mahammed Rashid Hameed
author_sort Sinan A. Shwailiya
collection DOAJ
description The objective of this review was to investigate dental literature for attempts including graded, layered or multi-material Additive Manufacturing of dental ceramics, with a goal to improve zirconia dental restorations, limitations related to decreased translucency and weak adhesion to tooth structure of zirconia materials may be noticed in routine dental practice. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining interest as a manufacturing method that may replace Subtractive Manufacturing (SM). Functionally Graded Additive Manufacturing (FGAM) can produce a functionally graded material in 3D printing techniques; it allows for adjusting the material chemical structure and phase across its section, innovation of new composite materials and modifications of the design using a single construction step. The need for veneering and lamination of zirconia restorations inspired the authors to investigate FGAM technologies for a solution. An extensive search was conducted on experiments regarding AM to construct multi-material or graded designs, main findings were listed in a try to achieve a favorable material manufacturing technique for application in restorative dentistry.
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spelling doaj-art-e9be683f7eea48aca45b0ffa0d4521912025-08-20T03:00:07ZengElsevierOpen Ceramics2666-53952025-03-012110074110.1016/j.oceram.2025.100741Multi-material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic: A systematic reviewSinan A. Shwailiya0Mahammed Rashid Hameed1Lecturer in the Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq; Corresponding author.Professor in the Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqThe objective of this review was to investigate dental literature for attempts including graded, layered or multi-material Additive Manufacturing of dental ceramics, with a goal to improve zirconia dental restorations, limitations related to decreased translucency and weak adhesion to tooth structure of zirconia materials may be noticed in routine dental practice. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining interest as a manufacturing method that may replace Subtractive Manufacturing (SM). Functionally Graded Additive Manufacturing (FGAM) can produce a functionally graded material in 3D printing techniques; it allows for adjusting the material chemical structure and phase across its section, innovation of new composite materials and modifications of the design using a single construction step. The need for veneering and lamination of zirconia restorations inspired the authors to investigate FGAM technologies for a solution. An extensive search was conducted on experiments regarding AM to construct multi-material or graded designs, main findings were listed in a try to achieve a favorable material manufacturing technique for application in restorative dentistry.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539525000082Additive manufacturingGradedMulti-materialZirconia3D PrintingFGM
spellingShingle Sinan A. Shwailiya
Mahammed Rashid Hameed
Multi-material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic: A systematic review
Open Ceramics
Additive manufacturing
Graded
Multi-material
Zirconia
3D Printing
FGM
title Multi-material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic: A systematic review
title_full Multi-material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic: A systematic review
title_fullStr Multi-material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic: A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Multi-material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic: A systematic review
title_short Multi-material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic: A systematic review
title_sort multi material functionally graded additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramic a systematic review
topic Additive manufacturing
Graded
Multi-material
Zirconia
3D Printing
FGM
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539525000082
work_keys_str_mv AT sinanashwailiya multimaterialfunctionallygradedadditivemanufacturingofzirconiaceramicasystematicreview
AT mahammedrashidhameed multimaterialfunctionallygradedadditivemanufacturingofzirconiaceramicasystematicreview