Carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrode
This study presents the first three-electrode system, which combines the extensive nanostructured surface of hydrogenated TiO₂ nanotubes and the electrochemical properties of carbon black to develop an electrochemical sensor with a nanoengineered surface. The use of TiO₂ nanotubes as a substrate all...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Electrochemistry Communications |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248125000712 |
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| author | Wiktoria Lipińska Christian Gosti Luca Fiore Jakub Karczewski Katarzyna Siuzdak Fabiana Arduini |
| author_facet | Wiktoria Lipińska Christian Gosti Luca Fiore Jakub Karczewski Katarzyna Siuzdak Fabiana Arduini |
| author_sort | Wiktoria Lipińska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents the first three-electrode system, which combines the extensive nanostructured surface of hydrogenated TiO₂ nanotubes and the electrochemical properties of carbon black to develop an electrochemical sensor with a nanoengineered surface. The use of TiO₂ nanotubes as a substrate allowed for the deposition of a high amount of carbon black up to 120 μg per cm2 on the electrode surface without observing an undesired aggregation encountered in the case of other sensors. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the increase of carbon black amount improved electrode performance, showing the lowest peak-to-peak separation (240 mV) and the highest current density (1.63 mA cm−2). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the carbon black-modified hydrogenated TiO2 nanotube electrode exhibited lower charge transfer resistance (52.88 Ω) than the unmodified electrode (12,290 Ω). The performance of both the hydrogenated TiO₂ nanotube electrode and the optimized carbon black modified-electrode was evaluated for the detection of model analytes namely epinephrine, norepinephrine, benzoquinone, catechol, ascorbic acid, and caffeic acid. The results demonstrated an improved electrochemical response, emphasizing the enhanced detection capabilities achieved by integrating carbon black on the TiO₂ nanotube structure. This modification opens new possibilities for the development of highly sensitive electrochemical sensors by engineering the electrochemical surface before the modification of the working electrode surface with carbon black. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e9b45989482744b0b63ac2d4a2dc740a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1388-2481 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electrochemistry Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-e9b45989482744b0b63ac2d4a2dc740a2025-08-20T02:01:51ZengElsevierElectrochemistry Communications1388-24812025-07-0117610793210.1016/j.elecom.2025.107932Carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrodeWiktoria Lipińska0Christian Gosti1Luca Fiore2Jakub Karczewski3Katarzyna Siuzdak4Fabiana Arduini5Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, Institute of Fluid−Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 Street, 80-231 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, ItalySENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133 Rome, ItalyFaculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandCentre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, Institute of Fluid−Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 Street, 80-231 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy; Corresponding author.This study presents the first three-electrode system, which combines the extensive nanostructured surface of hydrogenated TiO₂ nanotubes and the electrochemical properties of carbon black to develop an electrochemical sensor with a nanoengineered surface. The use of TiO₂ nanotubes as a substrate allowed for the deposition of a high amount of carbon black up to 120 μg per cm2 on the electrode surface without observing an undesired aggregation encountered in the case of other sensors. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the increase of carbon black amount improved electrode performance, showing the lowest peak-to-peak separation (240 mV) and the highest current density (1.63 mA cm−2). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the carbon black-modified hydrogenated TiO2 nanotube electrode exhibited lower charge transfer resistance (52.88 Ω) than the unmodified electrode (12,290 Ω). The performance of both the hydrogenated TiO₂ nanotube electrode and the optimized carbon black modified-electrode was evaluated for the detection of model analytes namely epinephrine, norepinephrine, benzoquinone, catechol, ascorbic acid, and caffeic acid. The results demonstrated an improved electrochemical response, emphasizing the enhanced detection capabilities achieved by integrating carbon black on the TiO₂ nanotube structure. This modification opens new possibilities for the development of highly sensitive electrochemical sensors by engineering the electrochemical surface before the modification of the working electrode surface with carbon black.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248125000712 |
| spellingShingle | Wiktoria Lipińska Christian Gosti Luca Fiore Jakub Karczewski Katarzyna Siuzdak Fabiana Arduini Carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrode Electrochemistry Communications |
| title | Carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrode |
| title_full | Carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrode |
| title_fullStr | Carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrode |
| title_short | Carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrode |
| title_sort | carbon black on ordered scaffold of titania nanotubes as smart nanoengineered material for the next generation of highly sensitive electrode |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248125000712 |
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