The levels of pattern-triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum

Abstract Background Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), is one of the most destructive diseases impacting a wide range of crops globally. The infection process is complex involving intricate interactions between the plant and Rs. Managing BW is challenging, and crop breeding...

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Main Authors: Chiao-Yu Ku, Li-Ren Guo, Feng-Chi Cheng, Chun-You Kuo, Andre Fortunatus Karim, Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah, Yu-Chuan Chang, Yi-Fan Chen, Ya-Yi Chung, Chiu-Ping Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-11-01
Series:Botanical Studies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-024-00441-z
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author Chiao-Yu Ku
Li-Ren Guo
Feng-Chi Cheng
Chun-You Kuo
Andre Fortunatus Karim
Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah
Yu-Chuan Chang
Yi-Fan Chen
Ya-Yi Chung
Chiu-Ping Cheng
author_facet Chiao-Yu Ku
Li-Ren Guo
Feng-Chi Cheng
Chun-You Kuo
Andre Fortunatus Karim
Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah
Yu-Chuan Chang
Yi-Fan Chen
Ya-Yi Chung
Chiu-Ping Cheng
author_sort Chiao-Yu Ku
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), is one of the most destructive diseases impacting a wide range of crops globally. The infection process is complex involving intricate interactions between the plant and Rs. Managing BW is challenging, and crop breeding remains the most effective strategy for disease control. Resistance to BW in crops is primarily associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which are believed to correlate with the simultaneous activation of multiple defense mechanisms against pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the nature of BW resistance and determine whether pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) plays a role in this resistance. Results PTI can be triggered in tomato roots and stembases by an Rs hrpG − mutant and by the cell wall extract (PiCWE) from the root-infected beneficial fungus Piriformospora indica (Pi). Among tomato plants with varying resistance levels to Rs, BW-resistant (BWR) and moderate-resistant (BWMR) cultivars exhibited higher levels of root and stembase PTI in response to Rs hrpG − inoculation and PiCWE treatment than in BW-susceptible (BWS) cultivars. Additionally, BWR and BWMR cultivars showed enhanced leaf PTI after inoculation with a Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) hrcC − mutant. The BWR cultivar Hawaii 7996 (H7996) also demonstrated high tolerance to several leaf pathogens. Conclusions Efficient systems for the analyses of PTI responses in tomato roots, stembases and leaves in response to patterns derived from root-infected pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms have been established. The levels of PTI in roots, stembases, and leaves are positively correlated with BW resistance in tomato plants. The BWR cultivar H7996 also shows tolerance to various leaf pathogens. This study reveals a significant correlation between tomato PTI and resistance to Rs, provides valuable insights into the nature of BW resistance, and offers critical information for tomato breeding.
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spelling doaj-art-e9b3b3c987534fbf9fccd26630d368f62025-08-20T02:08:24ZengSpringerOpenBotanical Studies1999-31102024-11-0165111410.1186/s40529-024-00441-zThe levels of pattern-triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearumChiao-Yu Ku0Li-Ren Guo1Feng-Chi Cheng2Chun-You Kuo3Andre Fortunatus Karim4Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah5Yu-Chuan Chang6Yi-Fan Chen7Ya-Yi Chung8Chiu-Ping Cheng9Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityGlobal Agriculture Technology and Genomic Science Master Program, National Taiwan UniversityGlobal Agriculture Technology and Genomic Science Master Program, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityAbstract Background Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), is one of the most destructive diseases impacting a wide range of crops globally. The infection process is complex involving intricate interactions between the plant and Rs. Managing BW is challenging, and crop breeding remains the most effective strategy for disease control. Resistance to BW in crops is primarily associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which are believed to correlate with the simultaneous activation of multiple defense mechanisms against pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the nature of BW resistance and determine whether pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) plays a role in this resistance. Results PTI can be triggered in tomato roots and stembases by an Rs hrpG − mutant and by the cell wall extract (PiCWE) from the root-infected beneficial fungus Piriformospora indica (Pi). Among tomato plants with varying resistance levels to Rs, BW-resistant (BWR) and moderate-resistant (BWMR) cultivars exhibited higher levels of root and stembase PTI in response to Rs hrpG − inoculation and PiCWE treatment than in BW-susceptible (BWS) cultivars. Additionally, BWR and BWMR cultivars showed enhanced leaf PTI after inoculation with a Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) hrcC − mutant. The BWR cultivar Hawaii 7996 (H7996) also demonstrated high tolerance to several leaf pathogens. Conclusions Efficient systems for the analyses of PTI responses in tomato roots, stembases and leaves in response to patterns derived from root-infected pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms have been established. The levels of PTI in roots, stembases, and leaves are positively correlated with BW resistance in tomato plants. The BWR cultivar H7996 also shows tolerance to various leaf pathogens. This study reveals a significant correlation between tomato PTI and resistance to Rs, provides valuable insights into the nature of BW resistance, and offers critical information for tomato breeding.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-024-00441-zTomatoInnate immunityPTIRalstonia solanacearumPiriformospora indica
spellingShingle Chiao-Yu Ku
Li-Ren Guo
Feng-Chi Cheng
Chun-You Kuo
Andre Fortunatus Karim
Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah
Yu-Chuan Chang
Yi-Fan Chen
Ya-Yi Chung
Chiu-Ping Cheng
The levels of pattern-triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum
Botanical Studies
Tomato
Innate immunity
PTI
Ralstonia solanacearum
Piriformospora indica
title The levels of pattern-triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum
title_full The levels of pattern-triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum
title_fullStr The levels of pattern-triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum
title_full_unstemmed The levels of pattern-triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum
title_short The levels of pattern-triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum
title_sort levels of pattern triggered immunity in the root and stembase of tomato cultivars positively correlate with the resistance to ralstonia solanacearum
topic Tomato
Innate immunity
PTI
Ralstonia solanacearum
Piriformospora indica
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-024-00441-z
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