Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Introduction. The relation between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) can be characterised by the instantaneous ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide production, the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VEqCO2). We hypothesised that the time taken to achieve the lowest VEqCO2 (...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2012-01-01
|
| Series: | Pulmonary Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/589164 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850163563261329408 |
|---|---|
| author | Lee Ingle Rebecca Sloan Sean Carroll Kevin Goode John G. Cleland Andrew L. Clark |
| author_facet | Lee Ingle Rebecca Sloan Sean Carroll Kevin Goode John G. Cleland Andrew L. Clark |
| author_sort | Lee Ingle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. The relation between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) can be characterised by the instantaneous ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide production, the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VEqCO2). We hypothesised that the time taken to achieve the lowest VEqCO2 (time to VEqCO2 nadir) may be a prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods. Patients and healthy controls underwent a symptom-limited, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill to volitional exhaustion. Results. 423 patients with CHF (mean age 63±12 years; 80% males) and 78 healthy controls (62% males; age 61±11 years) were recruited. Time to VEqCO2 nadir was shorter in patients than controls (327±204 s versus 514±187 s; 𝑃=0.0001). Univariable predictors of all-cause mortality included peak oxygen uptake (𝑋2=53.0), VEqCO2 nadir (𝑋2=47.9), and time to VEqCO2 nadir (𝑋2=24.0). In an adjusted Cox multivariable proportional hazards model, peak oxygen uptake (𝑋2=16.7) and VEqCO2 nadir (𝑋2=17.9) were the most significant independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusion. The time to VEqCO2 nadir was shorter in patients with CHF than in normal subjects and was a predictor of subsequent mortality. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e99fecaf4fa640acb5e565042a59c625 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-1836 2090-1844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pulmonary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-e99fecaf4fa640acb5e565042a59c6252025-08-20T02:22:15ZengWileyPulmonary Medicine2090-18362090-18442012-01-01201210.1155/2012/589164589164Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart FailureLee Ingle0Rebecca Sloan1Sean Carroll2Kevin Goode3John G. Cleland4Andrew L. Clark5Department of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, UKDepartment of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, UKDepartment of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, UKDepartment of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Daisy Building, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Kingston-upon-Hull HU16 5JQ, UKDepartment of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Daisy Building, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Kingston-upon-Hull HU16 5JQ, UKDepartment of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Daisy Building, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Kingston-upon-Hull HU16 5JQ, UKIntroduction. The relation between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) can be characterised by the instantaneous ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide production, the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VEqCO2). We hypothesised that the time taken to achieve the lowest VEqCO2 (time to VEqCO2 nadir) may be a prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods. Patients and healthy controls underwent a symptom-limited, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill to volitional exhaustion. Results. 423 patients with CHF (mean age 63±12 years; 80% males) and 78 healthy controls (62% males; age 61±11 years) were recruited. Time to VEqCO2 nadir was shorter in patients than controls (327±204 s versus 514±187 s; 𝑃=0.0001). Univariable predictors of all-cause mortality included peak oxygen uptake (𝑋2=53.0), VEqCO2 nadir (𝑋2=47.9), and time to VEqCO2 nadir (𝑋2=24.0). In an adjusted Cox multivariable proportional hazards model, peak oxygen uptake (𝑋2=16.7) and VEqCO2 nadir (𝑋2=17.9) were the most significant independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusion. The time to VEqCO2 nadir was shorter in patients with CHF than in normal subjects and was a predictor of subsequent mortality.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/589164 |
| spellingShingle | Lee Ingle Rebecca Sloan Sean Carroll Kevin Goode John G. Cleland Andrew L. Clark Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Pulmonary Medicine |
| title | Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
| title_full | Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
| title_fullStr | Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
| title_short | Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure |
| title_sort | abnormalities of the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide in patients with chronic heart failure |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/589164 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leeingle abnormalitiesoftheventilatoryequivalentforcarbondioxideinpatientswithchronicheartfailure AT rebeccasloan abnormalitiesoftheventilatoryequivalentforcarbondioxideinpatientswithchronicheartfailure AT seancarroll abnormalitiesoftheventilatoryequivalentforcarbondioxideinpatientswithchronicheartfailure AT kevingoode abnormalitiesoftheventilatoryequivalentforcarbondioxideinpatientswithchronicheartfailure AT johngcleland abnormalitiesoftheventilatoryequivalentforcarbondioxideinpatientswithchronicheartfailure AT andrewlclark abnormalitiesoftheventilatoryequivalentforcarbondioxideinpatientswithchronicheartfailure |