Novel Aerogels Based on Citric Acid Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose for Sustained Release of Nicotine in Oral Nicotine Products

In this study we developed a novel carrier material that can be used to regulate nicotine release profile to provide a more constant release. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced by fermentation of tobacco waste, nicotine was derived from the backfilling of tobacco extracts. Citric acid (CA) has be...

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Main Authors: Zhou Jian, Zhang Zhan, Ma Ke, Xu Yongming, Li Peng, Wang Yixuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sciendo 2025-07-01
Series:Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2025-0013
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author Zhou Jian
Zhang Zhan
Ma Ke
Xu Yongming
Li Peng
Wang Yixuan
author_facet Zhou Jian
Zhang Zhan
Ma Ke
Xu Yongming
Li Peng
Wang Yixuan
author_sort Zhou Jian
collection DOAJ
description In this study we developed a novel carrier material that can be used to regulate nicotine release profile to provide a more constant release. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced by fermentation of tobacco waste, nicotine was derived from the backfilling of tobacco extracts. Citric acid (CA) has been used to react with bacterial cellulose to prepare an aerogel (CA-BC) which showed to possess sustained nicotine release by varying CA and its crosslinking ratio with BC. Aerogels prepared at 10% CA/BC ratios during crosslinking exhibited significant sustained nicotine release effects. Another notable finding was that the sustained-release of nicotine for the CA-BC aerogel with high nicotine contents significantly outperformed that of low nicotine contents. The Weibull model and Gallagher-Corrigan model were used to elucidate the mechanism of nicotine dissolution from CA-BC aerogels. Material characterization revealed that the CA-BC aerogel had an improved thermal stability and decreased water absorption, a 3D fiber network structure at the microscopic level with an optimal average pore size of 30 μm was used to explain this difference.
format Article
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issn 2719-9509
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Sciendo
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series Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research
spelling doaj-art-e99de90c41bd452bbfb2ef39c1d17e3e2025-08-20T03:58:45ZengSciendoContributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research2719-95092025-07-0134313514710.2478/cttr-2025-0013Novel Aerogels Based on Citric Acid Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose for Sustained Release of Nicotine in Oral Nicotine ProductsZhou Jian0Zhang Zhan1Ma Ke2Xu Yongming3Li Peng4Wang Yixuan5Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou450001, ChinaTechnology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou450000, ChinaZhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou450002, ChinaTechnology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou450000, ChinaZhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou450001, ChinaTechnology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou450000, ChinaIn this study we developed a novel carrier material that can be used to regulate nicotine release profile to provide a more constant release. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced by fermentation of tobacco waste, nicotine was derived from the backfilling of tobacco extracts. Citric acid (CA) has been used to react with bacterial cellulose to prepare an aerogel (CA-BC) which showed to possess sustained nicotine release by varying CA and its crosslinking ratio with BC. Aerogels prepared at 10% CA/BC ratios during crosslinking exhibited significant sustained nicotine release effects. Another notable finding was that the sustained-release of nicotine for the CA-BC aerogel with high nicotine contents significantly outperformed that of low nicotine contents. The Weibull model and Gallagher-Corrigan model were used to elucidate the mechanism of nicotine dissolution from CA-BC aerogels. Material characterization revealed that the CA-BC aerogel had an improved thermal stability and decreased water absorption, a 3D fiber network structure at the microscopic level with an optimal average pore size of 30 μm was used to explain this difference.https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2025-0013bacterial cellulosecitric acidaerogeldissolution testnicotine sustained release
spellingShingle Zhou Jian
Zhang Zhan
Ma Ke
Xu Yongming
Li Peng
Wang Yixuan
Novel Aerogels Based on Citric Acid Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose for Sustained Release of Nicotine in Oral Nicotine Products
Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research
bacterial cellulose
citric acid
aerogel
dissolution test
nicotine sustained release
title Novel Aerogels Based on Citric Acid Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose for Sustained Release of Nicotine in Oral Nicotine Products
title_full Novel Aerogels Based on Citric Acid Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose for Sustained Release of Nicotine in Oral Nicotine Products
title_fullStr Novel Aerogels Based on Citric Acid Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose for Sustained Release of Nicotine in Oral Nicotine Products
title_full_unstemmed Novel Aerogels Based on Citric Acid Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose for Sustained Release of Nicotine in Oral Nicotine Products
title_short Novel Aerogels Based on Citric Acid Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose for Sustained Release of Nicotine in Oral Nicotine Products
title_sort novel aerogels based on citric acid crosslinked bacterial cellulose for sustained release of nicotine in oral nicotine products
topic bacterial cellulose
citric acid
aerogel
dissolution test
nicotine sustained release
url https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2025-0013
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AT zhangzhan novelaerogelsbasedoncitricacidcrosslinkedbacterialcelluloseforsustainedreleaseofnicotineinoralnicotineproducts
AT make novelaerogelsbasedoncitricacidcrosslinkedbacterialcelluloseforsustainedreleaseofnicotineinoralnicotineproducts
AT xuyongming novelaerogelsbasedoncitricacidcrosslinkedbacterialcelluloseforsustainedreleaseofnicotineinoralnicotineproducts
AT lipeng novelaerogelsbasedoncitricacidcrosslinkedbacterialcelluloseforsustainedreleaseofnicotineinoralnicotineproducts
AT wangyixuan novelaerogelsbasedoncitricacidcrosslinkedbacterialcelluloseforsustainedreleaseofnicotineinoralnicotineproducts