Navigational Safety Hazards Posed by Offshore Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis

As global energy production progressively turns toward a green environment and economy, one of the safety challenges to the maritime industry that has arisen lies within offshore wind farms (OWFs). As renewable sources of energy whose numbers are rapidly expanding, their impact to the safety of navi...

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Main Authors: Vice Milin, Ivica Skoko, Željana Lekšić, Zlatko Boko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1330
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author Vice Milin
Ivica Skoko
Željana Lekšić
Zlatko Boko
author_facet Vice Milin
Ivica Skoko
Željana Lekšić
Zlatko Boko
author_sort Vice Milin
collection DOAJ
description As global energy production progressively turns toward a green environment and economy, one of the safety challenges to the maritime industry that has arisen lies within offshore wind farms (OWFs). As renewable sources of energy whose numbers are rapidly expanding, their impact to the safety of navigation of the ships that navigate in their vicinity ought to be examined further. An ever-growing number of OWFs has led to safety concerns that have never been taken into consideration before. This article gives a structured quantitative analysis and an in-depth review of the literature connected to the safety of navigation, collision probability, and risk assessment that OWFs pose to all maritime industry agents. In this article, the main concerns of the impact of OWFs to the safety of navigation are analyzed using a combination of both the PRISMA and PICOC methodologies. Various types of scientific papers such as journal articles, conference proceedings, MSc theses, PhD theses, and online works of research are collated into a detailed bibliometric analysis and categorized by the most relevant parameters providing valuable perspectives on the current state of art in the field. The findings of this research emphasize the need for a further and more thorough analysis on the theoretical installment of OWFs and their inevitable impact on increasing maritime traffic complexity. The results of this article can form a strong basis for further scientific development in the field and can give useful insights to all maritime industry stakeholders dealing with OWFs.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2077-1312
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-e998ab102a6546b8a40af19f23685d032025-08-20T03:36:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-07-01137133010.3390/jmse13071330Navigational Safety Hazards Posed by Offshore Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Bibliometric AnalysisVice Milin0Ivica Skoko1Željana Lekšić2Zlatko Boko3Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, CroatiaFaculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, CroatiaFaculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, CroatiaFaculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, CroatiaAs global energy production progressively turns toward a green environment and economy, one of the safety challenges to the maritime industry that has arisen lies within offshore wind farms (OWFs). As renewable sources of energy whose numbers are rapidly expanding, their impact to the safety of navigation of the ships that navigate in their vicinity ought to be examined further. An ever-growing number of OWFs has led to safety concerns that have never been taken into consideration before. This article gives a structured quantitative analysis and an in-depth review of the literature connected to the safety of navigation, collision probability, and risk assessment that OWFs pose to all maritime industry agents. In this article, the main concerns of the impact of OWFs to the safety of navigation are analyzed using a combination of both the PRISMA and PICOC methodologies. Various types of scientific papers such as journal articles, conference proceedings, MSc theses, PhD theses, and online works of research are collated into a detailed bibliometric analysis and categorized by the most relevant parameters providing valuable perspectives on the current state of art in the field. The findings of this research emphasize the need for a further and more thorough analysis on the theoretical installment of OWFs and their inevitable impact on increasing maritime traffic complexity. The results of this article can form a strong basis for further scientific development in the field and can give useful insights to all maritime industry stakeholders dealing with OWFs.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1330offshore wind farmssafety of navigationmaritime traffic complexityPRISMAPICOCliterature review
spellingShingle Vice Milin
Ivica Skoko
Željana Lekšić
Zlatko Boko
Navigational Safety Hazards Posed by Offshore Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
offshore wind farms
safety of navigation
maritime traffic complexity
PRISMA
PICOC
literature review
title Navigational Safety Hazards Posed by Offshore Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
title_full Navigational Safety Hazards Posed by Offshore Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
title_fullStr Navigational Safety Hazards Posed by Offshore Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Navigational Safety Hazards Posed by Offshore Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
title_short Navigational Safety Hazards Posed by Offshore Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
title_sort navigational safety hazards posed by offshore wind farms a comprehensive literature review and bibliometric analysis
topic offshore wind farms
safety of navigation
maritime traffic complexity
PRISMA
PICOC
literature review
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1330
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AT ivicaskoko navigationalsafetyhazardsposedbyoffshorewindfarmsacomprehensiveliteraturereviewandbibliometricanalysis
AT zeljanaleksic navigationalsafetyhazardsposedbyoffshorewindfarmsacomprehensiveliteraturereviewandbibliometricanalysis
AT zlatkoboko navigationalsafetyhazardsposedbyoffshorewindfarmsacomprehensiveliteraturereviewandbibliometricanalysis