Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Block Caving Bottom Structures Under Dynamic Conditions Induced by Slope Rockfalls
The stability of bottom structures in block caving mines is significantly challenged by impact loads generated from large rockfalls and ore collapses on slopes. This study aims to investigate the mechanical response and failure characteristics of bottom structures under such dynamic and cyclic loadi...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6867 |
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| author | Xinglong Feng Guangquan Li Zeyue Wang Xiongpeng Zhu Zhenggao Huang Hang Lin |
| author_facet | Xinglong Feng Guangquan Li Zeyue Wang Xiongpeng Zhu Zhenggao Huang Hang Lin |
| author_sort | Xinglong Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The stability of bottom structures in block caving mines is significantly challenged by impact loads generated from large rockfalls and ore collapses on slopes. This study aims to investigate the mechanical response and failure characteristics of bottom structures under such dynamic and cyclic loading conditions. Discrete element methods (DEMs) were employed to simulate the impact load amplitudes caused by large rockfalls on bottom structures. Specimens with identical mechanical properties to the bottom structure were fabricated at a 1:100 scale, based on the principle of similarity ratio tests. Three distinct types of impact loads were identified and analyzed: overall impact from large-scale slope collapses, localized impact from partial rock and soil mass collapses, and continuous multiple impacts from progressive slope failures. True triaxial tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical response of the bottom structure under these loading scenarios. The results indicate that while overall and multiple impact loads from slope collapses do not lead to catastrophic failure of the bottom structure, severe damage occurs under a 100 m thickness of ore and large block impacts. Specifically, the inner walls of ore accumulation troughs peel off, and ore pillars between troughs fracture and fail. This study highlights the need for advanced experimental and numerical approaches to accurately predict the stability and failure modes of bottom structures under complex loading conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e997b5e626b84ad9aceb99d1845025c7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-e997b5e626b84ad9aceb99d1845025c72025-08-20T03:26:10ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512686710.3390/app15126867Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Block Caving Bottom Structures Under Dynamic Conditions Induced by Slope RockfallsXinglong Feng0Guangquan Li1Zeyue Wang2Xiongpeng Zhu3Zhenggao Huang4Hang Lin5Yunnan Diqing Non-Ferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Shangri-La 674400, ChinaYunnan Diqing Non-Ferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Shangri-La 674400, ChinaSchool of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaYunnan Diqing Non-Ferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Shangri-La 674400, ChinaSchool of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaThe stability of bottom structures in block caving mines is significantly challenged by impact loads generated from large rockfalls and ore collapses on slopes. This study aims to investigate the mechanical response and failure characteristics of bottom structures under such dynamic and cyclic loading conditions. Discrete element methods (DEMs) were employed to simulate the impact load amplitudes caused by large rockfalls on bottom structures. Specimens with identical mechanical properties to the bottom structure were fabricated at a 1:100 scale, based on the principle of similarity ratio tests. Three distinct types of impact loads were identified and analyzed: overall impact from large-scale slope collapses, localized impact from partial rock and soil mass collapses, and continuous multiple impacts from progressive slope failures. True triaxial tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical response of the bottom structure under these loading scenarios. The results indicate that while overall and multiple impact loads from slope collapses do not lead to catastrophic failure of the bottom structure, severe damage occurs under a 100 m thickness of ore and large block impacts. Specifically, the inner walls of ore accumulation troughs peel off, and ore pillars between troughs fracture and fail. This study highlights the need for advanced experimental and numerical approaches to accurately predict the stability and failure modes of bottom structures under complex loading conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6867block cavingbottom structure stabilityimpact loadsmechanical responsefailure characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Xinglong Feng Guangquan Li Zeyue Wang Xiongpeng Zhu Zhenggao Huang Hang Lin Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Block Caving Bottom Structures Under Dynamic Conditions Induced by Slope Rockfalls Applied Sciences block caving bottom structure stability impact loads mechanical response failure characteristics |
| title | Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Block Caving Bottom Structures Under Dynamic Conditions Induced by Slope Rockfalls |
| title_full | Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Block Caving Bottom Structures Under Dynamic Conditions Induced by Slope Rockfalls |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Block Caving Bottom Structures Under Dynamic Conditions Induced by Slope Rockfalls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Block Caving Bottom Structures Under Dynamic Conditions Induced by Slope Rockfalls |
| title_short | Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Block Caving Bottom Structures Under Dynamic Conditions Induced by Slope Rockfalls |
| title_sort | mechanical response and failure mechanisms of block caving bottom structures under dynamic conditions induced by slope rockfalls |
| topic | block caving bottom structure stability impact loads mechanical response failure characteristics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6867 |
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