A Generalized Helfrich Free Energy Framework for Multicomponent Fluid Membranes

Cell membranes contain a variety of biomolecules, especially various kinds of lipids and proteins, which constantly change with fluidity and environmental stimuli. Though Helfrich curvature elastic energy has successfully explained many phenomena for single-component membranes, a new theoretical fra...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hao Wu, Zhong-Can Ou-Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Membranes
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/15/6/182
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