Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences
An optimal control formulation of an eco-driving system for front-wheel drive electric vehicles is proposed in this paper, demonstrating that including an optimal control model of driver preferences in such systems can successfully blend the objective of energy-efficiency with the subjective goals o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Transportation Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666691X25000028 |
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| author | Roberto Lot James Fleming Boli Chen Simos Evangelou |
| author_facet | Roberto Lot James Fleming Boli Chen Simos Evangelou |
| author_sort | Roberto Lot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An optimal control formulation of an eco-driving system for front-wheel drive electric vehicles is proposed in this paper, demonstrating that including an optimal control model of driver preferences in such systems can successfully blend the objective of energy-efficiency with the subjective goals of human drivers, including desired following distances and time headways, a desired vehicle speed, smooth vehicle acceleration, and a comfortable corner negotiation speed. This builds on previous works that developed driver preference models for optimal control, but did not apply them to a realistic model of an EV powertrain to evaluate potential energy savings in practice. The resulting optimal control problem (OCP) is simplified for implementation by using a polynomial approximation of vehicle losses, and a relaxation of regenerative braking constraints that accurately accounts for required braking bias in a front-wheel drive vehicle. In testing, over a simulated 25km journey involving rural, motorway and urban sections, blending driver preferences with energy efficiency in this framework achieves energy savings of 21% with only a 7% decrease in average speed. For car-following scenarios, 10–15% energy savings are achievable with no decrease in average speed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e9863e1e8ce0454e99f509f112217329 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-691X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Transportation Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-e9863e1e8ce0454e99f509f1122173292025-01-24T04:45:49ZengElsevierTransportation Engineering2666-691X2025-03-0119100302Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferencesRoberto Lot0James Fleming1Boli Chen2Simos Evangelou3Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, ItalyWolfson School of Engineering, Loughborough University, UK; Corresponding author.Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, UKDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, UKAn optimal control formulation of an eco-driving system for front-wheel drive electric vehicles is proposed in this paper, demonstrating that including an optimal control model of driver preferences in such systems can successfully blend the objective of energy-efficiency with the subjective goals of human drivers, including desired following distances and time headways, a desired vehicle speed, smooth vehicle acceleration, and a comfortable corner negotiation speed. This builds on previous works that developed driver preference models for optimal control, but did not apply them to a realistic model of an EV powertrain to evaluate potential energy savings in practice. The resulting optimal control problem (OCP) is simplified for implementation by using a polynomial approximation of vehicle losses, and a relaxation of regenerative braking constraints that accurately accounts for required braking bias in a front-wheel drive vehicle. In testing, over a simulated 25km journey involving rural, motorway and urban sections, blending driver preferences with energy efficiency in this framework achieves energy savings of 21% with only a 7% decrease in average speed. For car-following scenarios, 10–15% energy savings are achievable with no decrease in average speed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666691X25000028Optimal controlElectric vehiclesADASEco-drivingDriver modelling |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Lot James Fleming Boli Chen Simos Evangelou Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences Transportation Engineering Optimal control Electric vehicles ADAS Eco-driving Driver modelling |
| title | Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences |
| title_full | Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences |
| title_fullStr | Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences |
| title_short | Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences |
| title_sort | eco driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences |
| topic | Optimal control Electric vehicles ADAS Eco-driving Driver modelling |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666691X25000028 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertolot ecodrivingoptimalcontrolforelectricvehicleswithdriverpreferences AT jamesfleming ecodrivingoptimalcontrolforelectricvehicleswithdriverpreferences AT bolichen ecodrivingoptimalcontrolforelectricvehicleswithdriverpreferences AT simosevangelou ecodrivingoptimalcontrolforelectricvehicleswithdriverpreferences |