Eco-driving optimal control for electric vehicles with driver preferences
An optimal control formulation of an eco-driving system for front-wheel drive electric vehicles is proposed in this paper, demonstrating that including an optimal control model of driver preferences in such systems can successfully blend the objective of energy-efficiency with the subjective goals o...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Transportation Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666691X25000028 |
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| Summary: | An optimal control formulation of an eco-driving system for front-wheel drive electric vehicles is proposed in this paper, demonstrating that including an optimal control model of driver preferences in such systems can successfully blend the objective of energy-efficiency with the subjective goals of human drivers, including desired following distances and time headways, a desired vehicle speed, smooth vehicle acceleration, and a comfortable corner negotiation speed. This builds on previous works that developed driver preference models for optimal control, but did not apply them to a realistic model of an EV powertrain to evaluate potential energy savings in practice. The resulting optimal control problem (OCP) is simplified for implementation by using a polynomial approximation of vehicle losses, and a relaxation of regenerative braking constraints that accurately accounts for required braking bias in a front-wheel drive vehicle. In testing, over a simulated 25km journey involving rural, motorway and urban sections, blending driver preferences with energy efficiency in this framework achieves energy savings of 21% with only a 7% decrease in average speed. For car-following scenarios, 10–15% energy savings are achievable with no decrease in average speed. |
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| ISSN: | 2666-691X |