Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidation
ObjectiveLung consolidation (LC) in pediatric pneumonia could lead to complicated clinical outcomes, yet the underlying immunological mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the roles of local and systemic cytokines in the development of pulmonary complications and disea...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1546730/full |
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| author | Jilei Lin Jiande Chen Shuhua Yuan Mingyu Tang Guijun Yang Huishan Zhang Wanlin Li Hui Zhao Jing Zhang Lei Zhang Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin |
| author_facet | Jilei Lin Jiande Chen Shuhua Yuan Mingyu Tang Guijun Yang Huishan Zhang Wanlin Li Hui Zhao Jing Zhang Lei Zhang Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin |
| author_sort | Jilei Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveLung consolidation (LC) in pediatric pneumonia could lead to complicated clinical outcomes, yet the underlying immunological mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the roles of local and systemic cytokines in the development of pulmonary complications and disease progression in children with pneumonia-associated LC.DesignConducted at the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, this study included 169 children admitted between June 2022 and October 2023.MethodsWe analyzed levels of fifteen cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis identified specific cytokines associated with pulmonary complications and hypoxemia.ResultsIn children with LC, most local cytokines were found at higher levels than systemic cytokines, with no apparent correlation between the two. Notably, an elevated level of IL-8 (≥ 6615 pg/ml) in BALF was associated with an increased risk of hypoxemia. Additionally, elevated levels of IL-4 and INF-γ in BALF were closely associated with the development of multi-segmental LC. Furthermore, elevated levels of IL-2R in BALF were significantly associated with the occurrence of atelectasis, in contrast to their levels in peripheral blood.ConclusionIL-4, INF-γ, IL-2R, and IL-8 levels in BALF are closely associated with pulmonary complications and disease progression in children with LC. Exploring targeted immunomodulatory therapies in these children may mitigate lung injury caused by excessive local inflammatory responses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e986205009e5407db245a7371a5398e3 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e986205009e5407db245a7371a5398e32025-08-20T02:16:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15467301546730Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidationJilei Lin0Jiande Chen1Shuhua Yuan2Mingyu Tang3Guijun Yang4Huishan Zhang5Wanlin Li6Hui Zhao7Jing Zhang8Lei Zhang9Yong Yin10Yong Yin11Yong Yin12Yong Yin13Yong Yin14Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaInternational Medical Department, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Sanya Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical College, Hainan Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Sanya, Hainan, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, ChinaShanghai Children’s Medical Center Pediatric Medical Complex (Pudong), Shanghai, ChinaPediatric Artificial Intelligence (AI) Clinical Application and Research Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, ChinaObjectiveLung consolidation (LC) in pediatric pneumonia could lead to complicated clinical outcomes, yet the underlying immunological mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the roles of local and systemic cytokines in the development of pulmonary complications and disease progression in children with pneumonia-associated LC.DesignConducted at the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, this study included 169 children admitted between June 2022 and October 2023.MethodsWe analyzed levels of fifteen cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis identified specific cytokines associated with pulmonary complications and hypoxemia.ResultsIn children with LC, most local cytokines were found at higher levels than systemic cytokines, with no apparent correlation between the two. Notably, an elevated level of IL-8 (≥ 6615 pg/ml) in BALF was associated with an increased risk of hypoxemia. Additionally, elevated levels of IL-4 and INF-γ in BALF were closely associated with the development of multi-segmental LC. Furthermore, elevated levels of IL-2R in BALF were significantly associated with the occurrence of atelectasis, in contrast to their levels in peripheral blood.ConclusionIL-4, INF-γ, IL-2R, and IL-8 levels in BALF are closely associated with pulmonary complications and disease progression in children with LC. Exploring targeted immunomodulatory therapies in these children may mitigate lung injury caused by excessive local inflammatory responses.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1546730/fullchildrencytokinepneumonialung consolidationbronchoalveolar lavage fluid |
| spellingShingle | Jilei Lin Jiande Chen Shuhua Yuan Mingyu Tang Guijun Yang Huishan Zhang Wanlin Li Hui Zhao Jing Zhang Lei Zhang Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin Yong Yin Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidation Frontiers in Immunology children cytokine pneumonia lung consolidation bronchoalveolar lavage fluid |
| title | Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidation |
| title_full | Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidation |
| title_fullStr | Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidation |
| title_short | Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidation |
| title_sort | local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia associated lung consolidation |
| topic | children cytokine pneumonia lung consolidation bronchoalveolar lavage fluid |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1546730/full |
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