Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>)

This study investigates the synergistic effects of integrating ozone nanobubbles (generated via a pure oxygen-fed reactor with nanobubble-diffusing air stones) and biofloc technology (BFT) on water quality optimization, pathogenic load reduction, and growth performance enhancement in Pacific white s...

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Main Authors: Qinlang Liang, Yazhi Luan, Zhengwen Wang, Jiangbo Niu, Yasong Li, Hua Tang, Zengting Li, Gang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Fishes
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/218
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author Qinlang Liang
Yazhi Luan
Zhengwen Wang
Jiangbo Niu
Yasong Li
Hua Tang
Zengting Li
Gang Liu
author_facet Qinlang Liang
Yazhi Luan
Zhengwen Wang
Jiangbo Niu
Yasong Li
Hua Tang
Zengting Li
Gang Liu
author_sort Qinlang Liang
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the synergistic effects of integrating ozone nanobubbles (generated via a pure oxygen-fed reactor with nanobubble-diffusing air stones) and biofloc technology (BFT) on water quality optimization, pathogenic load reduction, and growth performance enhancement in Pacific white shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) prenursery aquaculture systems. Four treatments were tested: a clear water control (CW), ozonated clear water (CW + O), biofloc (FLOC), and biofloc with ozone (FLOC + O). The FLOC + O group significantly improved water quality, reducing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) by 61%, nitrite nitrogen (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) by 78% compared to CW, and total suspended solids (TSS) by 21% compared to FLOC (<i>p</i> = 0.0015). Ozone application (maintained above 0.3 mg/L, 15 min/day) demonstrated robust pathogen suppression, achieving a sharp reduction in Muscle Necrosis Virus (MNV), a 99.5% inhibition of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. (from 228,885 to 107 CFU/mL), and the clearance of <i>Epistylis</i> spp., as determined via optical microscope. These enhancements directly translated to superior biological outcomes, with the FLOC + O group exhibiting an 82% survival rate (vs. 40% in CW) and 13% higher final body weight (11.65 mg vs. 10.32 mg in CW). The integration of ozone and BFT also accelerated larval development and improved the Zoea II to Mysis I metamorphosis success rate. By maintaining stable microbial communities and reducing organic waste, the combined system lowered the water exchange frequency by 40% and eliminated the need for prophylactic antibiotics. These results demonstrate that ozone–BFT integration effectively addresses key challenges in shrimp prenursery—enhancing disease resistance, optimizing water conditions, and improving growth efficiency. The technology offers a sustainable strategy for the intensive prenursery of Pacific white shrimp, balancing ecological resilience with production scalability.
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spelling doaj-art-e984e39cafa6490cb11bdd5ad9259a1d2025-08-20T03:14:41ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-05-0110521810.3390/fishes10050218Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>)Qinlang Liang0Yazhi Luan1Zhengwen Wang2Jiangbo Niu3Yasong Li4Hua Tang5Zengting Li6Gang Liu7College of Bio-Systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaTongwei Fishery Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, ChinaTongwei Fishery Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, ChinaTongwei Fishery Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, ChinaTongwei Fishery Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, ChinaTongwei Fishery Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, ChinaMicrobiological Testing and Research Department, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, ChinaCollege of Bio-Systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThis study investigates the synergistic effects of integrating ozone nanobubbles (generated via a pure oxygen-fed reactor with nanobubble-diffusing air stones) and biofloc technology (BFT) on water quality optimization, pathogenic load reduction, and growth performance enhancement in Pacific white shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) prenursery aquaculture systems. Four treatments were tested: a clear water control (CW), ozonated clear water (CW + O), biofloc (FLOC), and biofloc with ozone (FLOC + O). The FLOC + O group significantly improved water quality, reducing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) by 61%, nitrite nitrogen (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) by 78% compared to CW, and total suspended solids (TSS) by 21% compared to FLOC (<i>p</i> = 0.0015). Ozone application (maintained above 0.3 mg/L, 15 min/day) demonstrated robust pathogen suppression, achieving a sharp reduction in Muscle Necrosis Virus (MNV), a 99.5% inhibition of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. (from 228,885 to 107 CFU/mL), and the clearance of <i>Epistylis</i> spp., as determined via optical microscope. These enhancements directly translated to superior biological outcomes, with the FLOC + O group exhibiting an 82% survival rate (vs. 40% in CW) and 13% higher final body weight (11.65 mg vs. 10.32 mg in CW). The integration of ozone and BFT also accelerated larval development and improved the Zoea II to Mysis I metamorphosis success rate. By maintaining stable microbial communities and reducing organic waste, the combined system lowered the water exchange frequency by 40% and eliminated the need for prophylactic antibiotics. These results demonstrate that ozone–BFT integration effectively addresses key challenges in shrimp prenursery—enhancing disease resistance, optimizing water conditions, and improving growth efficiency. The technology offers a sustainable strategy for the intensive prenursery of Pacific white shrimp, balancing ecological resilience with production scalability.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/218ozone applicationlarviculturewater quality managementaquaculture biotechnologycommercial hatchery
spellingShingle Qinlang Liang
Yazhi Luan
Zhengwen Wang
Jiangbo Niu
Yasong Li
Hua Tang
Zengting Li
Gang Liu
Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>)
Fishes
ozone application
larviculture
water quality management
aquaculture biotechnology
commercial hatchery
title Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>)
title_full Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>)
title_fullStr Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>)
title_full_unstemmed Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>)
title_short Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>)
title_sort integration of biofloc and ozone nanobubbles for enhanced pathogen control in prenursery of pacific white shrimp i penaeus vannamei i
topic ozone application
larviculture
water quality management
aquaculture biotechnology
commercial hatchery
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/218
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