High Clinical Burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Adult Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency in Ghana
There is a paucity of information on the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of people living with HIV (PLWH) who are co-infected with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in the post-combined antiretroviral therapy era in Ghana. To provide such data, in this observational study, st...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Fred Stephen Sarfo Hagen Frickmann Albert Dompreh Shadrack Osei Asibey Richard Boateng Felix Weinreich Edmund Osei Kuffour Betty Roberta Norman Veronica Di Cristanziano Torsten Feldt Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt |
| author_facet | Fred Stephen Sarfo Hagen Frickmann Albert Dompreh Shadrack Osei Asibey Richard Boateng Felix Weinreich Edmund Osei Kuffour Betty Roberta Norman Veronica Di Cristanziano Torsten Feldt Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt |
| author_sort | Fred Stephen Sarfo |
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| description | There is a paucity of information on the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of people living with HIV (PLWH) who are co-infected with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in the post-combined antiretroviral therapy era in Ghana. To provide such data, in this observational study, stool samples of 640 HIV-positive and 83 HIV-negative individuals in Ghana were screened for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. Additionally, sociodemographic parameters, clinical symptoms, medication intake, and immunological parameters were assessed. The prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. was 11.8% (n = 73) in HIV-positive and 1.2% (n = 1) in HIV-negative participants (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Within the group of HIV-positive participants, the prevalence reached 26.0% in patients with CD4+ T cell counts below 200 cells/µL and 46.2% in the subgroup with CD4+ T cell counts below 50 cells/µL. The frequencies of the clinical manifestation of weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher in patients with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. compared to those without co-infection (45.8% vs. 21.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and 22.2% vs. 12.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.031, respectively). In the modern post-cART era, the acquisition of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. among PLWH in Ghana is driven largely by the degree of immunosuppression. Access to cART and screening for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. as part of routine care might help control and reduce the burden of the infection. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-e98043527e8d4a5e8c8ac00c56dcf7432025-08-20T02:05:06ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-10-011211215110.3390/microorganisms12112151High Clinical Burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Adult Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency in GhanaFred Stephen Sarfo0Hagen Frickmann1Albert Dompreh2Shadrack Osei Asibey3Richard Boateng4Felix Weinreich5Edmund Osei Kuffour6Betty Roberta Norman7Veronica Di Cristanziano8Torsten Feldt9Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt10Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, GhanaDepartment of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, GhanaDepartment of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, GhanaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana1 German-Netherlands Corps, 48143 Münster, GermanyLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USADepartment of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, GhanaInstitute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyClinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, GermanyThere is a paucity of information on the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of people living with HIV (PLWH) who are co-infected with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in the post-combined antiretroviral therapy era in Ghana. To provide such data, in this observational study, stool samples of 640 HIV-positive and 83 HIV-negative individuals in Ghana were screened for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. Additionally, sociodemographic parameters, clinical symptoms, medication intake, and immunological parameters were assessed. The prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. was 11.8% (n = 73) in HIV-positive and 1.2% (n = 1) in HIV-negative participants (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Within the group of HIV-positive participants, the prevalence reached 26.0% in patients with CD4+ T cell counts below 200 cells/µL and 46.2% in the subgroup with CD4+ T cell counts below 50 cells/µL. The frequencies of the clinical manifestation of weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher in patients with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. compared to those without co-infection (45.8% vs. 21.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and 22.2% vs. 12.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.031, respectively). In the modern post-cART era, the acquisition of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. among PLWH in Ghana is driven largely by the degree of immunosuppression. Access to cART and screening for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. as part of routine care might help control and reduce the burden of the infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2151HIVcryptosporidiosisparasitesub-Saharaenteric infectiondiarrhea |
| spellingShingle | Fred Stephen Sarfo Hagen Frickmann Albert Dompreh Shadrack Osei Asibey Richard Boateng Felix Weinreich Edmund Osei Kuffour Betty Roberta Norman Veronica Di Cristanziano Torsten Feldt Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt High Clinical Burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Adult Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency in Ghana Microorganisms HIV cryptosporidiosis parasite sub-Sahara enteric infection diarrhea |
| title | High Clinical Burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Adult Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency in Ghana |
| title_full | High Clinical Burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Adult Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency in Ghana |
| title_fullStr | High Clinical Burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Adult Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency in Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Clinical Burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Adult Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency in Ghana |
| title_short | High Clinical Burden of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Adult Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency in Ghana |
| title_sort | high clinical burden of i cryptosporidium i spp in adult patients with acquired immunodeficiency in ghana |
| topic | HIV cryptosporidiosis parasite sub-Sahara enteric infection diarrhea |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2151 |
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