Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in Theaceae

Abstract Background Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is an essential enzyme involved in the production of trehalose, and the genes associated with TPS are crucial for various processes such as growth, development, defense mechanisms, and resistance to stress. However, there has been no documenta...

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Main Authors: Zaibao Zhang, Tao Xiong, Kejia Li, Kexin Huang, Chunxia Liao, Guangqu Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Genomics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11475-3
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author Zaibao Zhang
Tao Xiong
Kejia Li
Kexin Huang
Chunxia Liao
Guangqu Liu
author_facet Zaibao Zhang
Tao Xiong
Kejia Li
Kexin Huang
Chunxia Liao
Guangqu Liu
author_sort Zaibao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is an essential enzyme involved in the production of trehalose, and the genes associated with TPS are crucial for various processes such as growth, development, defense mechanisms, and resistance to stress. However, there has been no documentation regarding the evolution and functional roles of the TPS gene family within Theaceae. Results Here, we uncovered the lineage-specific evolution of TPS genes in Theaceae. A total of 102 TPS genes were discovered across ten Theaceae species with sequenced genomes. Consistent with the previous classification, our phylogenetic analysis indicated that the TPS genes in Theaceae can be categorized into two primary subfamilies and six distinct clades (I, II-1, II-2, II-3, II-4, II-5), with clade I containing a greater number of introns compared to those found in clade II. Segmental duplication served as the main catalyst for the evolution of TPS genes within Theaceae, and numerous TPS genes exhibited inter-species synteny among various Theaceae species. Most of the TPS genes were ubiquitously expressed, and expression divergence of TPS paralogous pairs was observed. The cis-acting elements found in TPS genes indicated their involvement in responses to phytohormones and stress. Conclusion This research enhanced our understanding of the lineage-specific evolution of the TPS gene family in Theaceae and offered important insights for future functional analyses.
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spelling doaj-art-e97ff47b09784dbba1b0e47abf5550ab2025-08-20T03:41:49ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-03-0126111710.1186/s12864-025-11475-3Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in TheaceaeZaibao Zhang0Tao Xiong1Kejia Li2Kexin Huang3Chunxia Liao4Guangqu Liu5School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou CollegeCollege of Life Science, Xinyang Normal UniversitySchool of Life and Health Science, Huzhou CollegeSchool of Life and Health Science, Huzhou CollegeSchool of Life and Health Science, Huzhou CollegeSchool of Life and Health Science, Huzhou CollegeAbstract Background Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is an essential enzyme involved in the production of trehalose, and the genes associated with TPS are crucial for various processes such as growth, development, defense mechanisms, and resistance to stress. However, there has been no documentation regarding the evolution and functional roles of the TPS gene family within Theaceae. Results Here, we uncovered the lineage-specific evolution of TPS genes in Theaceae. A total of 102 TPS genes were discovered across ten Theaceae species with sequenced genomes. Consistent with the previous classification, our phylogenetic analysis indicated that the TPS genes in Theaceae can be categorized into two primary subfamilies and six distinct clades (I, II-1, II-2, II-3, II-4, II-5), with clade I containing a greater number of introns compared to those found in clade II. Segmental duplication served as the main catalyst for the evolution of TPS genes within Theaceae, and numerous TPS genes exhibited inter-species synteny among various Theaceae species. Most of the TPS genes were ubiquitously expressed, and expression divergence of TPS paralogous pairs was observed. The cis-acting elements found in TPS genes indicated their involvement in responses to phytohormones and stress. Conclusion This research enhanced our understanding of the lineage-specific evolution of the TPS gene family in Theaceae and offered important insights for future functional analyses.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11475-3TPSTheaceaeLineage-specific evolutionExpression pattern
spellingShingle Zaibao Zhang
Tao Xiong
Kejia Li
Kexin Huang
Chunxia Liao
Guangqu Liu
Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in Theaceae
BMC Genomics
TPS
Theaceae
Lineage-specific evolution
Expression pattern
title Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in Theaceae
title_full Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in Theaceae
title_fullStr Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in Theaceae
title_full_unstemmed Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in Theaceae
title_short Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in Theaceae
title_sort evolution and amplification of the trehalose 6 phosphate synthase gene family in theaceae
topic TPS
Theaceae
Lineage-specific evolution
Expression pattern
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11475-3
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AT kejiali evolutionandamplificationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthasegenefamilyintheaceae
AT kexinhuang evolutionandamplificationofthetrehalose6phosphatesynthasegenefamilyintheaceae
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