Microbiome Modulation in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative Review

The gut microbiome significantly influences the outcomes of pediatric leukemia, particularly in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Dysbiosis, caused by chemotherapy, antibiotics, and immune system changes, contributes to complications such as graft-versus-host diseas...

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Main Authors: Samuel Bogdan Todor, Cristian Ichim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Children
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/166
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author Samuel Bogdan Todor
Cristian Ichim
author_facet Samuel Bogdan Todor
Cristian Ichim
author_sort Samuel Bogdan Todor
collection DOAJ
description The gut microbiome significantly influences the outcomes of pediatric leukemia, particularly in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Dysbiosis, caused by chemotherapy, antibiotics, and immune system changes, contributes to complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), gastrointestinal issues, and infections. Various microbiome-related interventions, including prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), have shown potential in mitigating these complications. Specific microbial signatures have been linked to GVHD risk, and interventions like inulin, Lactobacillus, and SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids), particularly butyrate, may help modulate the immune system and improve outcomes. FMT, while showing promising results in restoring microbial balance and alleviating GVHD, still requires careful monitoring due to potential risks in immunocompromised patients. Despite positive findings, more research is needed to optimize microbiome-based therapies and ensure their safety and efficacy in pediatric leukemia care.
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spelling doaj-art-e97fdc80fb8c4c2d968a53d1b405e3e42025-08-20T02:44:35ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-01-0112216610.3390/children12020166Microbiome Modulation in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative ReviewSamuel Bogdan Todor0Cristian Ichim1Faculty of Medicine, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, RomaniaThe gut microbiome significantly influences the outcomes of pediatric leukemia, particularly in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Dysbiosis, caused by chemotherapy, antibiotics, and immune system changes, contributes to complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), gastrointestinal issues, and infections. Various microbiome-related interventions, including prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), have shown potential in mitigating these complications. Specific microbial signatures have been linked to GVHD risk, and interventions like inulin, Lactobacillus, and SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids), particularly butyrate, may help modulate the immune system and improve outcomes. FMT, while showing promising results in restoring microbial balance and alleviating GVHD, still requires careful monitoring due to potential risks in immunocompromised patients. Despite positive findings, more research is needed to optimize microbiome-based therapies and ensure their safety and efficacy in pediatric leukemia care.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/166childhood leukemiagut microbiomefecal microbiota transplanthematopoietic stem-cell transplantgraft-versus-host disease
spellingShingle Samuel Bogdan Todor
Cristian Ichim
Microbiome Modulation in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative Review
Children
childhood leukemia
gut microbiome
fecal microbiota transplant
hematopoietic stem-cell transplant
graft-versus-host disease
title Microbiome Modulation in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative Review
title_full Microbiome Modulation in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Microbiome Modulation in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Microbiome Modulation in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative Review
title_short Microbiome Modulation in Pediatric Leukemia: Impact on Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative Review
title_sort microbiome modulation in pediatric leukemia impact on graft versus host disease and treatment outcomes a narrative review
topic childhood leukemia
gut microbiome
fecal microbiota transplant
hematopoietic stem-cell transplant
graft-versus-host disease
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/166
work_keys_str_mv AT samuelbogdantodor microbiomemodulationinpediatricleukemiaimpactongraftversushostdiseaseandtreatmentoutcomesanarrativereview
AT cristianichim microbiomemodulationinpediatricleukemiaimpactongraftversushostdiseaseandtreatmentoutcomesanarrativereview