Fruit Tree (Malus domestica) Branch Biochar via Pyrolysis: Optimization of Temperature and Holding Time

Discarded apple tree branches from Yantai, China, were pyrolyzed at 300 to 700 °C with holding times (0 to 120 min) to optimize biochar production parameters. Results showed that compared to 300 °C, increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 700 °C (0 min holding) enhanced fixed carbon content 1.3...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhao Cao, Yujia Li, Xinran Xie, Huadong Zhang, Shoujun Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-05-01
Series:BioResources
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24598
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849467485013671936
author Zhao Cao
Yujia Li
Xinran Xie
Huadong Zhang
Shoujun Yang
author_facet Zhao Cao
Yujia Li
Xinran Xie
Huadong Zhang
Shoujun Yang
author_sort Zhao Cao
collection DOAJ
description Discarded apple tree branches from Yantai, China, were pyrolyzed at 300 to 700 °C with holding times (0 to 120 min) to optimize biochar production parameters. Results showed that compared to 300 °C, increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 700 °C (0 min holding) enhanced fixed carbon content 1.39 to 8.30%, carbon content by 16.31 to 28.84%, while reducing C/H ratios 18.29 to 66.33%. When holding time extended from 60 to 120 min across temperatures, fixed carbon content increased 0.31 to 2.56% below 600 °C but showed minimal gains at higher temperatures. Carbon content changes became negligible (≤ 0.69%) above 500 °C with extended holding. Considering both quality and yield, 600 °C pyrolysis temperature with 60 min holding time was identified as the optimal condition for producing biochar with enhanced carbon stability and resource utilization efficiency. This study provided scientific support for converting fruit tree waste into functional carbon materials through controlled pyrolysis processes.
format Article
id doaj-art-e97f900d4fb649c69c2a5c91ebae47ee
institution Kabale University
issn 1930-2126
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher North Carolina State University
record_format Article
series BioResources
spelling doaj-art-e97f900d4fb649c69c2a5c91ebae47ee2025-08-20T03:26:14ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-05-01203553355523174Fruit Tree (Malus domestica) Branch Biochar via Pyrolysis: Optimization of Temperature and Holding TimeZhao Cao0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8891-7900Yujia Li1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7376-3777Xinran Xie2Huadong Zhang3Shoujun Yang4Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, 264670 Yantai, Shandong Province, ChinaYantai Institute, China Agricultural University, 264670 Yantai, Shandong Province, ChinaYantai Institute, China Agricultural University, 264670 Yantai, Shandong Province, ChinaYantai Institute, China Agricultural University, 264670 Yantai, Shandong Province, ChinaYantai Institute, China Agricultural University, 264670 Yantai, Shandong Province, ChinaDiscarded apple tree branches from Yantai, China, were pyrolyzed at 300 to 700 °C with holding times (0 to 120 min) to optimize biochar production parameters. Results showed that compared to 300 °C, increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 700 °C (0 min holding) enhanced fixed carbon content 1.39 to 8.30%, carbon content by 16.31 to 28.84%, while reducing C/H ratios 18.29 to 66.33%. When holding time extended from 60 to 120 min across temperatures, fixed carbon content increased 0.31 to 2.56% below 600 °C but showed minimal gains at higher temperatures. Carbon content changes became negligible (≤ 0.69%) above 500 °C with extended holding. Considering both quality and yield, 600 °C pyrolysis temperature with 60 min holding time was identified as the optimal condition for producing biochar with enhanced carbon stability and resource utilization efficiency. This study provided scientific support for converting fruit tree waste into functional carbon materials through controlled pyrolysis processes.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24598pyrolysis tempertureholding timebiochar compositionyieldsurface microscopic characteristics
spellingShingle Zhao Cao
Yujia Li
Xinran Xie
Huadong Zhang
Shoujun Yang
Fruit Tree (Malus domestica) Branch Biochar via Pyrolysis: Optimization of Temperature and Holding Time
BioResources
pyrolysis temperture
holding time
biochar composition
yield
surface microscopic characteristics
title Fruit Tree (Malus domestica) Branch Biochar via Pyrolysis: Optimization of Temperature and Holding Time
title_full Fruit Tree (Malus domestica) Branch Biochar via Pyrolysis: Optimization of Temperature and Holding Time
title_fullStr Fruit Tree (Malus domestica) Branch Biochar via Pyrolysis: Optimization of Temperature and Holding Time
title_full_unstemmed Fruit Tree (Malus domestica) Branch Biochar via Pyrolysis: Optimization of Temperature and Holding Time
title_short Fruit Tree (Malus domestica) Branch Biochar via Pyrolysis: Optimization of Temperature and Holding Time
title_sort fruit tree malus domestica branch biochar via pyrolysis optimization of temperature and holding time
topic pyrolysis temperture
holding time
biochar composition
yield
surface microscopic characteristics
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24598
work_keys_str_mv AT zhaocao fruittreemalusdomesticabranchbiocharviapyrolysisoptimizationoftemperatureandholdingtime
AT yujiali fruittreemalusdomesticabranchbiocharviapyrolysisoptimizationoftemperatureandholdingtime
AT xinranxie fruittreemalusdomesticabranchbiocharviapyrolysisoptimizationoftemperatureandholdingtime
AT huadongzhang fruittreemalusdomesticabranchbiocharviapyrolysisoptimizationoftemperatureandholdingtime
AT shoujunyang fruittreemalusdomesticabranchbiocharviapyrolysisoptimizationoftemperatureandholdingtime