Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parotid saliva (PS) composition on the phosphate species' chemical state in relation to dental caries. Methods Unilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Cli...

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Main Authors: Angela Rovera, Ali S. Alzahrani, Guido Rovera, Paul Anderson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70089
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author Angela Rovera
Ali S. Alzahrani
Guido Rovera
Paul Anderson
author_facet Angela Rovera
Ali S. Alzahrani
Guido Rovera
Paul Anderson
author_sort Angela Rovera
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parotid saliva (PS) composition on the phosphate species' chemical state in relation to dental caries. Methods Unilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Clinical caries scores of each subject were classified using the ICDAS score. The pH was recorded for each saliva sample. The concentration of specific inorganic elements (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, Sr2+, Li+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES). The PS effective concentration of ions and the degree of saturation (DS) with respect to enamel mineral were determined by speciation calculation. The PS chemical environment was determined using 31P‐Nuclear‐Magnetic‐Resonance‐Spectroscopy (31P‐NMR). Pearson's correlation test was applied to evaluate the influence of PS composition on the ICDAS score. Results The pH varied from 5.9 to 7.6. The ICDAS scores varied from 0.03 to 2.48. PS was supersaturated with respect to HAp at all pH values. The 31P‐NMR peak position value reflects the phosphate chemical state within PS and its change in relation to pH. Only calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly correlated with the 31P‐NMR peak position value (ppm), whereas no correlation was observed between the 31P‐NMR peak position value and the activities of K+, Na+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Li+, and Zn2+. Conclusions This parotid saliva 31P‐NMR study has shown that calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly influence the phosphate species' chemical state existing within PS and provides extended knowledge on the main biochemical determinants of the caries process.
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spelling doaj-art-e978564e8b7a4ee58bbe6f7de875e9f32025-08-20T03:55:08ZengWileyClinical and Experimental Dental Research2057-43472025-02-01111n/an/a10.1002/cre2.70089Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental CariesAngela Rovera0Ali S. Alzahrani1Guido Rovera2Paul Anderson3Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UKDepartment of Basic Medical, Oral and Allied Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Taif University Taif Saudi ArabiaNuclear Medicine Division, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin ItalyDental Physical Sciences Unit, Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UKABSTRACT Objectives The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parotid saliva (PS) composition on the phosphate species' chemical state in relation to dental caries. Methods Unilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Clinical caries scores of each subject were classified using the ICDAS score. The pH was recorded for each saliva sample. The concentration of specific inorganic elements (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, Sr2+, Li+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES). The PS effective concentration of ions and the degree of saturation (DS) with respect to enamel mineral were determined by speciation calculation. The PS chemical environment was determined using 31P‐Nuclear‐Magnetic‐Resonance‐Spectroscopy (31P‐NMR). Pearson's correlation test was applied to evaluate the influence of PS composition on the ICDAS score. Results The pH varied from 5.9 to 7.6. The ICDAS scores varied from 0.03 to 2.48. PS was supersaturated with respect to HAp at all pH values. The 31P‐NMR peak position value reflects the phosphate chemical state within PS and its change in relation to pH. Only calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly correlated with the 31P‐NMR peak position value (ppm), whereas no correlation was observed between the 31P‐NMR peak position value and the activities of K+, Na+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Li+, and Zn2+. Conclusions This parotid saliva 31P‐NMR study has shown that calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly influence the phosphate species' chemical state existing within PS and provides extended knowledge on the main biochemical determinants of the caries process.https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.7008931P‐NMRdental cariesICDASsaliva composition
spellingShingle Angela Rovera
Ali S. Alzahrani
Guido Rovera
Paul Anderson
Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
31P‐NMR
dental caries
ICDAS
saliva composition
title Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries
title_full Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries
title_fullStr Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries
title_short Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries
title_sort influence of parotid saliva composition on phosphate species chemical state in relation to dental caries
topic 31P‐NMR
dental caries
ICDAS
saliva composition
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70089
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AT guidorovera influenceofparotidsalivacompositiononphosphatespecieschemicalstateinrelationtodentalcaries
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