Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female University Students of the Reproductive Age Group in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common menstrual disorder that can significantly impact the physical, emotional, and social well-being of affected women. However, PMS remains a neglected problem in Afghanistan, with limited data on its prevalence and impact. This study aimed to determin...

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Main Authors: Zainab Ezadi, Mirwais Ramozi, Hosain Barati, Maryam Hosseini, Shafiqa Hakimi, Nooria Mohammady, Akihiko Ozaki, Yasuhiro Kotera, Yudai Kaneda, Parastoo Ramozi, Basira Bek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mary Ann Liebert 2025-01-01
Series:Women's Health Reports
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Online Access:https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/whr.2024.0106
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author Zainab Ezadi
Mirwais Ramozi
Hosain Barati
Maryam Hosseini
Shafiqa Hakimi
Nooria Mohammady
Akihiko Ozaki
Yasuhiro Kotera
Yudai Kaneda
Parastoo Ramozi
Basira Bek
author_facet Zainab Ezadi
Mirwais Ramozi
Hosain Barati
Maryam Hosseini
Shafiqa Hakimi
Nooria Mohammady
Akihiko Ozaki
Yasuhiro Kotera
Yudai Kaneda
Parastoo Ramozi
Basira Bek
author_sort Zainab Ezadi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common menstrual disorder that can significantly impact the physical, emotional, and social well-being of affected women. However, PMS remains a neglected problem in Afghanistan, with limited data on its prevalence and impact. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PMS and the more severe premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among female university students in Kabul, Afghanistan. Methods: Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study from April to October 2021 at four universities in Kabul. They included a total of 310 female students aged 15–35 years. After data cleaning, 44 participants were removed and 266 participants remained. Data were collected using a validated screening tool for PMS and PMDD, along with information on participants’ sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the findings. Results: The study found that 88.8% of participants screened positive for either moderate to severe PMS (27.1%) or PMDD (61.7%). There was a significant association between lower educational attainment and higher rates of PMS/PMDD. Conclusion: This study uncovered a high prevalence of PMS and PMDD among female university students in Kabul. These conditions significantly impact young Afghan women’s health and well-being, but remain a neglected issue. Urgent action is needed to improve awareness, screening, and treatment access for premenstrual issues in Afghanistan.
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publisher Mary Ann Liebert
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spelling doaj-art-e9662e2c7b704ab0a8391fbac99187072025-08-20T02:30:49ZengMary Ann LiebertWomen's Health Reports2688-48442025-01-016140341110.1089/whr.2024.0106Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female University Students of the Reproductive Age Group in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional StudyZainab Ezadi0Mirwais Ramozi1Hosain Barati2Maryam Hosseini3Shafiqa Hakimi4Nooria Mohammady5Akihiko Ozaki6Yasuhiro Kotera7Yudai Kaneda8Parastoo Ramozi9Basira Bek10Midwifery Faculty, Khatam Al Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan.Medicine Faculty, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan.Medicine Faculty, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan.School of Medicine, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.Midwifery Faculty, Khatam Al Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan.Medicine Faculty, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan.Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Japan.Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central, Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran.Medicine Faculty, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan.Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common menstrual disorder that can significantly impact the physical, emotional, and social well-being of affected women. However, PMS remains a neglected problem in Afghanistan, with limited data on its prevalence and impact. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PMS and the more severe premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among female university students in Kabul, Afghanistan. Methods: Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study from April to October 2021 at four universities in Kabul. They included a total of 310 female students aged 15–35 years. After data cleaning, 44 participants were removed and 266 participants remained. Data were collected using a validated screening tool for PMS and PMDD, along with information on participants’ sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the findings. Results: The study found that 88.8% of participants screened positive for either moderate to severe PMS (27.1%) or PMDD (61.7%). There was a significant association between lower educational attainment and higher rates of PMS/PMDD. Conclusion: This study uncovered a high prevalence of PMS and PMDD among female university students in Kabul. These conditions significantly impact young Afghan women’s health and well-being, but remain a neglected issue. Urgent action is needed to improve awareness, screening, and treatment access for premenstrual issues in Afghanistan.https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/whr.2024.0106premenstrual syndromepremenstrual dysphoric disorderAfghanistanuniversity studentswomen’s health
spellingShingle Zainab Ezadi
Mirwais Ramozi
Hosain Barati
Maryam Hosseini
Shafiqa Hakimi
Nooria Mohammady
Akihiko Ozaki
Yasuhiro Kotera
Yudai Kaneda
Parastoo Ramozi
Basira Bek
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female University Students of the Reproductive Age Group in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Women's Health Reports
premenstrual syndrome
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Afghanistan
university students
women’s health
title Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female University Students of the Reproductive Age Group in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female University Students of the Reproductive Age Group in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female University Students of the Reproductive Age Group in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female University Students of the Reproductive Age Group in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female University Students of the Reproductive Age Group in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual syndrome among female university students of the reproductive age group in kabul afghanistan a cross sectional study
topic premenstrual syndrome
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Afghanistan
university students
women’s health
url https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/whr.2024.0106
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