Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient: A case report and comprehensive review
Mycobacterium xenopi, a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), presents a significant diagnostic challenge in clinical practice, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of M. xenopi infection in a liver transplant recipient on immunosuppressive medication. A 67-year-old male pre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Clinical Infection in Practice |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017022400044X |
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| author | Julie Lee Kara Asbury Rhea Ram |
| author_facet | Julie Lee Kara Asbury Rhea Ram |
| author_sort | Julie Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycobacterium xenopi, a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), presents a significant diagnostic challenge in clinical practice, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of M. xenopi infection in a liver transplant recipient on immunosuppressive medication. A 67-year-old male presented with chronic cough, anemia, and significant weight loss. Imaging studies revealed extensive pulmonary involvement with cavitations. More definitively, an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) bronchoalveolar lavage culture as well as an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum culture confirmed M. xenopi infection. Treatment initiation with multiple antimicrobial agents was guided by susceptibility testing and published recommendations by the Infectious Disease Society of America and the American Thoracic Society guidelines from 2020 (Kurz, et al., 2020). This case emphasizes the importance of considering non-tubercular bacterial infections, particularly M. xenopi, in the differential diagnosis of respiratory symptoms in immunocompromised hosts. In addition to the case report, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and treatment strategies for M. xenopi infections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e95ad31a2ca44d5ca9c119c0baab8aff |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2590-1702 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Infection in Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-e95ad31a2ca44d5ca9c119c0baab8aff2025-08-20T02:50:27ZengElsevierClinical Infection in Practice2590-17022024-11-012410038410.1016/j.clinpr.2024.100384Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient: A case report and comprehensive reviewJulie Lee0Kara Asbury1Rhea Ram2Corresponding author.; HonorHealth Scottsdale Thompson Peak Medical Center, 7400 E Thompson Peak Pkwy, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, United StatesHonorHealth Scottsdale Thompson Peak Medical Center, 7400 E Thompson Peak Pkwy, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, United StatesHonorHealth Scottsdale Thompson Peak Medical Center, 7400 E Thompson Peak Pkwy, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, United StatesMycobacterium xenopi, a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), presents a significant diagnostic challenge in clinical practice, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of M. xenopi infection in a liver transplant recipient on immunosuppressive medication. A 67-year-old male presented with chronic cough, anemia, and significant weight loss. Imaging studies revealed extensive pulmonary involvement with cavitations. More definitively, an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) bronchoalveolar lavage culture as well as an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum culture confirmed M. xenopi infection. Treatment initiation with multiple antimicrobial agents was guided by susceptibility testing and published recommendations by the Infectious Disease Society of America and the American Thoracic Society guidelines from 2020 (Kurz, et al., 2020). This case emphasizes the importance of considering non-tubercular bacterial infections, particularly M. xenopi, in the differential diagnosis of respiratory symptoms in immunocompromised hosts. In addition to the case report, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and treatment strategies for M. xenopi infections.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017022400044X |
| spellingShingle | Julie Lee Kara Asbury Rhea Ram Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient: A case report and comprehensive review Clinical Infection in Practice |
| title | Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient: A case report and comprehensive review |
| title_full | Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient: A case report and comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient: A case report and comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient: A case report and comprehensive review |
| title_short | Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient: A case report and comprehensive review |
| title_sort | mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunocompromised liver transplant recipient a case report and comprehensive review |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017022400044X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT julielee mycobacteriumxenopiinfectioninanimmunocompromisedlivertransplantrecipientacasereportandcomprehensivereview AT karaasbury mycobacteriumxenopiinfectioninanimmunocompromisedlivertransplantrecipientacasereportandcomprehensivereview AT rhearam mycobacteriumxenopiinfectioninanimmunocompromisedlivertransplantrecipientacasereportandcomprehensivereview |