Synthesis and characterization of Zn-bionanocrystals: Revealing pH-time release dynamics of encapsulated Zn+2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodology

In India’s complex environmental landscape, zinc (Zn) deficiency poses a dual threat to human health and ecological balance. This study investigates the synthesis of stable Zn-bionanocrystals as a novel, eco-friendly approach to combat Zn deficiency and promote environmental sustainability. Employin...

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Main Authors: Sonam Sihag, Ajay Pal, Surbhi Sahewalla, Vinod Saharan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Next Nanotechnology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829525000956
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author Sonam Sihag
Ajay Pal
Surbhi Sahewalla
Vinod Saharan
author_facet Sonam Sihag
Ajay Pal
Surbhi Sahewalla
Vinod Saharan
author_sort Sonam Sihag
collection DOAJ
description In India’s complex environmental landscape, zinc (Zn) deficiency poses a dual threat to human health and ecological balance. This study investigates the synthesis of stable Zn-bionanocrystals as a novel, eco-friendly approach to combat Zn deficiency and promote environmental sustainability. Employing characterization techniques like PSA, BET, FTIR, SEM, and TEM, the structural and morphological features of the Zn-bionanocrystals were evaluated. Key attributes included a hydrodynamic diameter of 374–396 nm (PDI 0.13–0.22), zeta-potential of + 39.7 to + 44.6 mV, and porous architecture. BET analysis showed a surface area of 16.04 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.181 cc/g, suggesting strong potential for environmental interactions. FTIR confirmed the presence of chemical modifications, while high encapsulation efficiency (84 %) and loading capacity (3.36 %) demonstrated the suitability of this system for green delivery applications. A systematic Zn²⁺ release study across pH values (1.0–7.0) and up to 216 h revealed controlled, pH- and time-dependent release behaviour, with maximum release at low pH (70.5 % at pH 1.0 vs. 4.92 % at pH 7.0) and sustained release over time (53.3 % at 216 h). These findings highlight the promise of Zn-bionanocrystals in addressing micronutrient deficiencies, advancing sustainable agriculture, and enhancing ecological resilience in the face of growing environmental pressures.
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spelling doaj-art-e957f79ed02247edac483c2b94207aca2025-08-20T03:58:36ZengElsevierNext Nanotechnology2949-82952025-01-01810022610.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100226Synthesis and characterization of Zn-bionanocrystals: Revealing pH-time release dynamics of encapsulated Zn+2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodologySonam Sihag0Ajay Pal1Surbhi Sahewalla2Vinod Saharan3Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India; Corresponding author.Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, IndiaDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, IndiaIn India’s complex environmental landscape, zinc (Zn) deficiency poses a dual threat to human health and ecological balance. This study investigates the synthesis of stable Zn-bionanocrystals as a novel, eco-friendly approach to combat Zn deficiency and promote environmental sustainability. Employing characterization techniques like PSA, BET, FTIR, SEM, and TEM, the structural and morphological features of the Zn-bionanocrystals were evaluated. Key attributes included a hydrodynamic diameter of 374–396 nm (PDI 0.13–0.22), zeta-potential of + 39.7 to + 44.6 mV, and porous architecture. BET analysis showed a surface area of 16.04 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.181 cc/g, suggesting strong potential for environmental interactions. FTIR confirmed the presence of chemical modifications, while high encapsulation efficiency (84 %) and loading capacity (3.36 %) demonstrated the suitability of this system for green delivery applications. A systematic Zn²⁺ release study across pH values (1.0–7.0) and up to 216 h revealed controlled, pH- and time-dependent release behaviour, with maximum release at low pH (70.5 % at pH 1.0 vs. 4.92 % at pH 7.0) and sustained release over time (53.3 % at 216 h). These findings highlight the promise of Zn-bionanocrystals in addressing micronutrient deficiencies, advancing sustainable agriculture, and enhancing ecological resilience in the face of growing environmental pressures.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829525000956NanotechnologyZn-bionanocrystalsResponse surface methodologyRelease kineticsZinc encapsulationControlled release
spellingShingle Sonam Sihag
Ajay Pal
Surbhi Sahewalla
Vinod Saharan
Synthesis and characterization of Zn-bionanocrystals: Revealing pH-time release dynamics of encapsulated Zn+2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodology
Next Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology
Zn-bionanocrystals
Response surface methodology
Release kinetics
Zinc encapsulation
Controlled release
title Synthesis and characterization of Zn-bionanocrystals: Revealing pH-time release dynamics of encapsulated Zn+2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodology
title_full Synthesis and characterization of Zn-bionanocrystals: Revealing pH-time release dynamics of encapsulated Zn+2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodology
title_fullStr Synthesis and characterization of Zn-bionanocrystals: Revealing pH-time release dynamics of encapsulated Zn+2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodology
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and characterization of Zn-bionanocrystals: Revealing pH-time release dynamics of encapsulated Zn+2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodology
title_short Synthesis and characterization of Zn-bionanocrystals: Revealing pH-time release dynamics of encapsulated Zn+2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodology
title_sort synthesis and characterization of zn bionanocrystals revealing ph time release dynamics of encapsulated zn 2 ions for sustainable applications using response surface methodology
topic Nanotechnology
Zn-bionanocrystals
Response surface methodology
Release kinetics
Zinc encapsulation
Controlled release
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829525000956
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