Efficient adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beads

The increasing contamination of water bodies by heavy metals such as lead Pb²⁺ has driven the search for sustainable technologies for their removal. This study proposes the use of papain immobilized on alginate beads (PIPA) as an effective biosorbent for the adsorption of Pb²⁺ from aqueous solutions...

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Main Authors: Jorge Paul Pimentel Frisancho, Lilia Mary Miranda Ramos, Pavel Kewin Delgado Sarmiento, Victor Ludgardo Alvarez Tohalino, Eva Elizabeth Tejada Manrique, Josefa Concepción Saavedra Campos, Jhon Alfredo Quispe Ortiz, Diana Carolina Sanchez Sarmiento, Hugo Guillermo Jiménez Pacheco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025019577
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author Jorge Paul Pimentel Frisancho
Lilia Mary Miranda Ramos
Pavel Kewin Delgado Sarmiento
Victor Ludgardo Alvarez Tohalino
Eva Elizabeth Tejada Manrique
Josefa Concepción Saavedra Campos
Jhon Alfredo Quispe Ortiz
Diana Carolina Sanchez Sarmiento
Hugo Guillermo Jiménez Pacheco
author_facet Jorge Paul Pimentel Frisancho
Lilia Mary Miranda Ramos
Pavel Kewin Delgado Sarmiento
Victor Ludgardo Alvarez Tohalino
Eva Elizabeth Tejada Manrique
Josefa Concepción Saavedra Campos
Jhon Alfredo Quispe Ortiz
Diana Carolina Sanchez Sarmiento
Hugo Guillermo Jiménez Pacheco
author_sort Jorge Paul Pimentel Frisancho
collection DOAJ
description The increasing contamination of water bodies by heavy metals such as lead Pb²⁺ has driven the search for sustainable technologies for their removal. This study proposes the use of papain immobilized on alginate beads (PIPA) as an effective biosorbent for the adsorption of Pb²⁺ from aqueous solutions. It is hypothesized that the immobilization of papain enhances the stability of the biopolymer and promotes metal ion adsorption. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor following a multilevel factorial design, evaluating the effect of initial Pb²⁺ concentration, pH, and adsorbent dosage on removal efficiency. The material was characterized by FTIR and SEM before and after the adsorption process. A maximum removal efficiency of 91.82 % was achieved using 6 g of PIPA at pH 3 and an initial Pb²⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.93), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.0765 mg/g and a determination coefficient R² = 0.97, indicating monolayer formation. The kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, with R² = 0.9966, and equilibrium was reached within 8 min. These results suggest that the immobilization of papain in alginate enhances the material’s performance as a biosorbent, providing a promising alternative for the treatment of lead-contaminated water.
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spelling doaj-art-e9535c6e54824c64b4ff931a0e3844552025-08-20T03:17:36ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710588610.1016/j.rineng.2025.105886Efficient adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beadsJorge Paul Pimentel Frisancho0Lilia Mary Miranda Ramos1Pavel Kewin Delgado Sarmiento2Victor Ludgardo Alvarez Tohalino3Eva Elizabeth Tejada Manrique4Josefa Concepción Saavedra Campos5Jhon Alfredo Quispe Ortiz6Diana Carolina Sanchez Sarmiento7Hugo Guillermo Jiménez Pacheco8Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, 040101, PerúUniversidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, 040101, PerúUniversidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, 040101, PerúUniversidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, 040101, PerúUniversidad San Martin de Porres, Lima 15011, PerúUniversidad San Martin de Porres, Lima 15011, PerúInstituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María de Arequipa, Arequipa, 04013, PerúInstituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María de Arequipa, Arequipa, 04013, PerúInstituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María de Arequipa, Arequipa, 04013, Perú; Corresponding author.The increasing contamination of water bodies by heavy metals such as lead Pb²⁺ has driven the search for sustainable technologies for their removal. This study proposes the use of papain immobilized on alginate beads (PIPA) as an effective biosorbent for the adsorption of Pb²⁺ from aqueous solutions. It is hypothesized that the immobilization of papain enhances the stability of the biopolymer and promotes metal ion adsorption. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor following a multilevel factorial design, evaluating the effect of initial Pb²⁺ concentration, pH, and adsorbent dosage on removal efficiency. The material was characterized by FTIR and SEM before and after the adsorption process. A maximum removal efficiency of 91.82 % was achieved using 6 g of PIPA at pH 3 and an initial Pb²⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.93), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.0765 mg/g and a determination coefficient R² = 0.97, indicating monolayer formation. The kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, with R² = 0.9966, and equilibrium was reached within 8 min. These results suggest that the immobilization of papain in alginate enhances the material’s performance as a biosorbent, providing a promising alternative for the treatment of lead-contaminated water.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025019577BiosorptionLead contaminationAdsorption kineticsLangmuir isothermImmobilized biopolymerWater treatment
spellingShingle Jorge Paul Pimentel Frisancho
Lilia Mary Miranda Ramos
Pavel Kewin Delgado Sarmiento
Victor Ludgardo Alvarez Tohalino
Eva Elizabeth Tejada Manrique
Josefa Concepción Saavedra Campos
Jhon Alfredo Quispe Ortiz
Diana Carolina Sanchez Sarmiento
Hugo Guillermo Jiménez Pacheco
Efficient adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beads
Results in Engineering
Biosorption
Lead contamination
Adsorption kinetics
Langmuir isotherm
Immobilized biopolymer
Water treatment
title Efficient adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beads
title_full Efficient adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beads
title_fullStr Efficient adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beads
title_full_unstemmed Efficient adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beads
title_short Efficient adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beads
title_sort efficient adsorption of pb2 from aqueous solutions using papain immobilized on alginate beads
topic Biosorption
Lead contamination
Adsorption kinetics
Langmuir isotherm
Immobilized biopolymer
Water treatment
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025019577
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