Optimization of sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low-temperature fuel cell
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), a speciality thermoplastic polymer is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to introduce sulfonated repeating units in its backbone. Sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone (sPEEK) is then compounded with sulfonated titanium dioxide (S-TiO2) nanoparticles according to desi...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011174 |
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| author | Mawlood Maajal Ali Ali Basem Anmar Sh Jasim Dheyaa J. Jasim Ameer Azam S.J.A. Rizvi Yusra A. AlBahadli Maryam Hussein Abdulameer |
| author_facet | Mawlood Maajal Ali Ali Basem Anmar Sh Jasim Dheyaa J. Jasim Ameer Azam S.J.A. Rizvi Yusra A. AlBahadli Maryam Hussein Abdulameer |
| author_sort | Mawlood Maajal Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), a speciality thermoplastic polymer is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to introduce sulfonated repeating units in its backbone. Sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone (sPEEK) is then compounded with sulfonated titanium dioxide (S-TiO2) nanoparticles according to design of experiments (DoE). FT-IR spectra for sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes show the strong presence of peaks at 3500 cm−1 and 1632 cm−1 wave number because of bending and stretching vibrations of OH-group confirm successful sulfonation of polyether-ether-ketone polymer. Insertion of -SO3H group in polymer backbone hinders the stereo regularity of polymer chains and leads to an amorphous structure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy of membranes. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermal stability of sPEEK is much poor than its precursor PEEK due to the presence of easily degradable -SO3H groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that factor wt.% of S-TiO2 is the most influencing among the factors. The proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity (IEC) increase with wt.% of S-TiO2. Proton conductivity of pristine sPEEK is 31.1 mS/cm which significantly increased to be 60.7 mS/cm for sPEEK/S-TiO2 (0.10 wt%) nanocomposite membrane. IEC, water uptake, and swelling ratio were observed to increase with the addition of S-TiO2 (wt.%) in the sPEEK matrix, reaching values of 62.6 mmol/g, 11.6 %, and 18.6 %, respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e95225154d264e9d9f38ea746704ed9f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-e95225154d264e9d9f38ea746704ed9f2025-08-20T02:52:25ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-12-012410286210.1016/j.rineng.2024.102862Optimization of sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low-temperature fuel cellMawlood Maajal Ali0Ali Basem1Anmar Sh Jasim2Dheyaa J. Jasim3Ameer Azam4S.J.A. Rizvi5Yusra A. AlBahadli6Maryam Hussein Abdulameer7Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Sciences, Hit, University of Anbar, Anbar, 31007, IraqAir Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Corresponding author.Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Sciences, Hit, University of Anbar, Anbar, 31007, IraqDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, IraqDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Petroleum Studies, Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, IndiaCollege of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, IraqAir Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, IraqPolyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), a speciality thermoplastic polymer is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to introduce sulfonated repeating units in its backbone. Sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone (sPEEK) is then compounded with sulfonated titanium dioxide (S-TiO2) nanoparticles according to design of experiments (DoE). FT-IR spectra for sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes show the strong presence of peaks at 3500 cm−1 and 1632 cm−1 wave number because of bending and stretching vibrations of OH-group confirm successful sulfonation of polyether-ether-ketone polymer. Insertion of -SO3H group in polymer backbone hinders the stereo regularity of polymer chains and leads to an amorphous structure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy of membranes. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermal stability of sPEEK is much poor than its precursor PEEK due to the presence of easily degradable -SO3H groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that factor wt.% of S-TiO2 is the most influencing among the factors. The proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity (IEC) increase with wt.% of S-TiO2. Proton conductivity of pristine sPEEK is 31.1 mS/cm which significantly increased to be 60.7 mS/cm for sPEEK/S-TiO2 (0.10 wt%) nanocomposite membrane. IEC, water uptake, and swelling ratio were observed to increase with the addition of S-TiO2 (wt.%) in the sPEEK matrix, reaching values of 62.6 mmol/g, 11.6 %, and 18.6 %, respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011174Modified titanium dioxideSulfonated aromatic polymersProton conductivityDesign of experiment (DoE)Proton exchange membrane |
| spellingShingle | Mawlood Maajal Ali Ali Basem Anmar Sh Jasim Dheyaa J. Jasim Ameer Azam S.J.A. Rizvi Yusra A. AlBahadli Maryam Hussein Abdulameer Optimization of sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low-temperature fuel cell Results in Engineering Modified titanium dioxide Sulfonated aromatic polymers Proton conductivity Design of experiment (DoE) Proton exchange membrane |
| title | Optimization of sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low-temperature fuel cell |
| title_full | Optimization of sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low-temperature fuel cell |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low-temperature fuel cell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low-temperature fuel cell |
| title_short | Optimization of sPEEK/S-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low-temperature fuel cell |
| title_sort | optimization of speek s tio2 nanocomposite membranes using response surface methodology for low temperature fuel cell |
| topic | Modified titanium dioxide Sulfonated aromatic polymers Proton conductivity Design of experiment (DoE) Proton exchange membrane |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011174 |
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