Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperatures

Abstract Essential Climate Variables, such as near-surface (T2m) and land surface temperatures (LST), are typically reported in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for global consistency. However, their diurnal variability leads to temperature trends that differ by the local hour, a factor not analyzed...

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Main Authors: Sarah Safieddine, Cathy Clerbaux, Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater, Jean-Noël Thépaut
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15731-0
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author Sarah Safieddine
Cathy Clerbaux
Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater
Jean-Noël Thépaut
author_facet Sarah Safieddine
Cathy Clerbaux
Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater
Jean-Noël Thépaut
author_sort Sarah Safieddine
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Essential Climate Variables, such as near-surface (T2m) and land surface temperatures (LST), are typically reported in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for global consistency. However, their diurnal variability leads to temperature trends that differ by the local hour, a factor not analyzed on the global nor regional scale. Using ECMWF ERA5-Land reanalysis data (1981–2022), we assess temperature trends by local hour and month. Our results show that the trends can change significantly during the day. LST and T2m warming or cooling trends peak in the afternoon, while showing large spatial variability across both hemispheres. Using MODIS observations, we show how the nominal Equator crossing times of TERRA and AQUA influence LST trends. These findings highlight the necessity of accounting for local time in climate assessments to improve adaptation strategies.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-e94f2067b02b46ed97384a983f86fecd2025-08-20T03:42:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-15731-0Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperaturesSarah Safieddine0Cathy Clerbaux1Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater2Jean-Noël Thépaut3LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRSLATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRSEuropean Centre for Medium-range Weather ForecastsEuropean Centre for Medium-range Weather ForecastsAbstract Essential Climate Variables, such as near-surface (T2m) and land surface temperatures (LST), are typically reported in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for global consistency. However, their diurnal variability leads to temperature trends that differ by the local hour, a factor not analyzed on the global nor regional scale. Using ECMWF ERA5-Land reanalysis data (1981–2022), we assess temperature trends by local hour and month. Our results show that the trends can change significantly during the day. LST and T2m warming or cooling trends peak in the afternoon, while showing large spatial variability across both hemispheres. Using MODIS observations, we show how the nominal Equator crossing times of TERRA and AQUA influence LST trends. These findings highlight the necessity of accounting for local time in climate assessments to improve adaptation strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15731-0
spellingShingle Sarah Safieddine
Cathy Clerbaux
Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater
Jean-Noël Thépaut
Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperatures
Scientific Reports
title Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperatures
title_full Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperatures
title_fullStr Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperatures
title_full_unstemmed Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperatures
title_short Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperatures
title_sort local hourly trends in near surface and land surface temperatures
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15731-0
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