Development of an Indian-adapted anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patients
Abstract Purpose Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in India. Diet is an important modifiable risk factor associated with CAD. The Mediterranean Diet (MD), with its anti-inflammatory properties, is protective against CAD. Traditional Indian diets have several anti-inflammatory...
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2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01102-5 |
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| author | Suparna Ghosh-Jerath Archna Singh Megha Suresh Anudeep P P Sherry Price Sabiha Khan Kamar Ali Neha Bakshi James R. Hebert Ambuj Roy |
| author_facet | Suparna Ghosh-Jerath Archna Singh Megha Suresh Anudeep P P Sherry Price Sabiha Khan Kamar Ali Neha Bakshi James R. Hebert Ambuj Roy |
| author_sort | Suparna Ghosh-Jerath |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in India. Diet is an important modifiable risk factor associated with CAD. The Mediterranean Diet (MD), with its anti-inflammatory properties, is protective against CAD. Traditional Indian diets have several anti-inflammatory ingredients similar to MD. However, current Indian dietary analysis reveals high consumption of cereals with low legume, nut, fruit, and vegetable intake. In this study, we aimed to develop an anti-inflammatory Indian Adapted Mediterranean Diet (IAMD) using locally available anti-inflammatory ingredients. Methods We did a free listing of the foods that constitute a Mediterranean diet. Then, we matched Indian alternatives where specific Mediterranean foods could not be used due to non-availability or cultural acceptability. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores were calculated for the developed menu to assess its anti-inflammatory potential. We also reviewed the diets of CAD patients and calculated the DII of their diets to understand their dietary intake and potential for replacing anti-inflammatory Indian food ingredients in their usual diets. Results The current DII of the diets consumed by CAD patients ranged from -1.8 to 3.8, with a median score of 1.1. After carefully compiling anti-inflammatory Indian food ingredients and incorporating them into routine diets, calorie- and nutrient-specific diet plans with a 7-day cyclic menu with North Indian recipes were developed, aligning with Mediterranean Diet principles. DII scores of the developed diet plans ranged from -7.8 to -8.4, with a median of -8.0, approaching the theoretical maximum anti-inflammatory score. Conclusions The IAMD developed with the lowest DII scores reported has the potential to be cardioprotective. However, this diet plan needs to be tested for acceptability and effectiveness in feasibility studies and clinical trials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e94ab48406a044d99af198e24f4e4118 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2055-0928 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-e94ab48406a044d99af198e24f4e41182025-08-20T03:03:27ZengBMCBMC Nutrition2055-09282025-07-0111111510.1186/s40795-025-01102-5Development of an Indian-adapted anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patientsSuparna Ghosh-Jerath0Archna Singh1Megha Suresh2Anudeep P P3Sherry Price4Sabiha Khan5Kamar Ali6Neha Bakshi7James R. Hebert8Ambuj Roy9The George Institute for Global Health India, 3rd Floor, Elegance TowerDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical SciencesConnecting Health Innovations LLCDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesConnecting Health Innovations LLCDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesAbstract Purpose Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in India. Diet is an important modifiable risk factor associated with CAD. The Mediterranean Diet (MD), with its anti-inflammatory properties, is protective against CAD. Traditional Indian diets have several anti-inflammatory ingredients similar to MD. However, current Indian dietary analysis reveals high consumption of cereals with low legume, nut, fruit, and vegetable intake. In this study, we aimed to develop an anti-inflammatory Indian Adapted Mediterranean Diet (IAMD) using locally available anti-inflammatory ingredients. Methods We did a free listing of the foods that constitute a Mediterranean diet. Then, we matched Indian alternatives where specific Mediterranean foods could not be used due to non-availability or cultural acceptability. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores were calculated for the developed menu to assess its anti-inflammatory potential. We also reviewed the diets of CAD patients and calculated the DII of their diets to understand their dietary intake and potential for replacing anti-inflammatory Indian food ingredients in their usual diets. Results The current DII of the diets consumed by CAD patients ranged from -1.8 to 3.8, with a median score of 1.1. After carefully compiling anti-inflammatory Indian food ingredients and incorporating them into routine diets, calorie- and nutrient-specific diet plans with a 7-day cyclic menu with North Indian recipes were developed, aligning with Mediterranean Diet principles. DII scores of the developed diet plans ranged from -7.8 to -8.4, with a median of -8.0, approaching the theoretical maximum anti-inflammatory score. Conclusions The IAMD developed with the lowest DII scores reported has the potential to be cardioprotective. However, this diet plan needs to be tested for acceptability and effectiveness in feasibility studies and clinical trials.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01102-5Dietary inflammatory indexCoronary artery disease (CAD)Mediterranean dietIndian |
| spellingShingle | Suparna Ghosh-Jerath Archna Singh Megha Suresh Anudeep P P Sherry Price Sabiha Khan Kamar Ali Neha Bakshi James R. Hebert Ambuj Roy Development of an Indian-adapted anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patients BMC Nutrition Dietary inflammatory index Coronary artery disease (CAD) Mediterranean diet Indian |
| title | Development of an Indian-adapted anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patients |
| title_full | Development of an Indian-adapted anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patients |
| title_fullStr | Development of an Indian-adapted anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of an Indian-adapted anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patients |
| title_short | Development of an Indian-adapted anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patients |
| title_sort | development of an indian adapted anti inflammatory mediterranean diet for coronary artery disease patients |
| topic | Dietary inflammatory index Coronary artery disease (CAD) Mediterranean diet Indian |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01102-5 |
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