Tunable All-Optical Pattern Recognition System Based on Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror for Bit-Flip BPSK Targets
As the basic physical infrastructure of various networks, optical networks are crucial to the advancement of information technology. Meanwhile, as new technologies emerge, the security of optical networks is facing serious threats. To improve the security of optical networks, optoelectronic firewall...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/4/342 |
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| author | Ying Tang Ziyi Kang Xin Li Ningjing Liang Jinyong Chang Genqing Bian |
| author_facet | Ying Tang Ziyi Kang Xin Li Ningjing Liang Jinyong Chang Genqing Bian |
| author_sort | Ying Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the basic physical infrastructure of various networks, optical networks are crucial to the advancement of information technology. Meanwhile, as new technologies emerge, the security of optical networks is facing serious threats. To improve the security of optical networks, optoelectronic firewalls primarily leverage all-optical pattern recognition to perform direct detection and analysis of data transmitted through the optical network at the optical layer. However, the current all-optical pattern recognition system still faces some problems when deployed in optical networks, including phase-lockingand relatively low recognition efficiency and scalability. In this paper, we propose a tunable all-optical pattern recognition system based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) for bit-flip BPSK targets. The operational principles and simulation setup of the proposed system are comprehensively described. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the system can accurately recognize and determine the position of 4-bit and 8-bit bit-flip BPSK targets in 16-bit input data with tunable frequencies of 192.8 THz and 193.4 THz at a data rate of 100 Gbps. Finally, the impact of input noise is evaluated by extinction ratio (ER), contrast ratio (CR), Q factor, bit error rate (BER), amplitude modulation (AM), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under both frequencies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e947b4c1c0ed484f878ca23ce2c63592 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e947b4c1c0ed484f878ca23ce2c635922025-08-20T02:18:04ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-04-0112434210.3390/photonics12040342Tunable All-Optical Pattern Recognition System Based on Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror for Bit-Flip BPSK TargetsYing Tang0Ziyi Kang1Xin Li2Ningjing Liang3Jinyong Chang4Genqing Bian5College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT), Xi’an 710055, ChinaCollege of Information and Control Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT), Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, ChinaCollege of Information and Control Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT), Xi’an 710055, ChinaCollege of Information and Control Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT), Xi’an 710055, ChinaCollege of Information and Control Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT), Xi’an 710055, ChinaAs the basic physical infrastructure of various networks, optical networks are crucial to the advancement of information technology. Meanwhile, as new technologies emerge, the security of optical networks is facing serious threats. To improve the security of optical networks, optoelectronic firewalls primarily leverage all-optical pattern recognition to perform direct detection and analysis of data transmitted through the optical network at the optical layer. However, the current all-optical pattern recognition system still faces some problems when deployed in optical networks, including phase-lockingand relatively low recognition efficiency and scalability. In this paper, we propose a tunable all-optical pattern recognition system based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) for bit-flip BPSK targets. The operational principles and simulation setup of the proposed system are comprehensively described. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the system can accurately recognize and determine the position of 4-bit and 8-bit bit-flip BPSK targets in 16-bit input data with tunable frequencies of 192.8 THz and 193.4 THz at a data rate of 100 Gbps. Finally, the impact of input noise is evaluated by extinction ratio (ER), contrast ratio (CR), Q factor, bit error rate (BER), amplitude modulation (AM), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under both frequencies.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/4/342optical network securityoptical information processingall-optical pattern recognitionnonlinear optical loop mirrorfrequency tunability |
| spellingShingle | Ying Tang Ziyi Kang Xin Li Ningjing Liang Jinyong Chang Genqing Bian Tunable All-Optical Pattern Recognition System Based on Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror for Bit-Flip BPSK Targets Photonics optical network security optical information processing all-optical pattern recognition nonlinear optical loop mirror frequency tunability |
| title | Tunable All-Optical Pattern Recognition System Based on Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror for Bit-Flip BPSK Targets |
| title_full | Tunable All-Optical Pattern Recognition System Based on Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror for Bit-Flip BPSK Targets |
| title_fullStr | Tunable All-Optical Pattern Recognition System Based on Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror for Bit-Flip BPSK Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tunable All-Optical Pattern Recognition System Based on Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror for Bit-Flip BPSK Targets |
| title_short | Tunable All-Optical Pattern Recognition System Based on Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror for Bit-Flip BPSK Targets |
| title_sort | tunable all optical pattern recognition system based on nonlinear optical loop mirror for bit flip bpsk targets |
| topic | optical network security optical information processing all-optical pattern recognition nonlinear optical loop mirror frequency tunability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/4/342 |
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