A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker Quantification
Detecting kidney function biomarkers is critical for the early diagnosis of kidney diseases and monitoring treatment efficacy. In this work, a portable, 3D-printed colorimetric sensor platform was developed to detect key kidney biomarkers: uric acid, creatinine, and albumin. The platform features a...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/192 |
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| author | Sangeeta Palekar Sharayu Kalambe Jayu Kalambe Madhusudan B. Kulkarni Manish Bhaiyya |
| author_facet | Sangeeta Palekar Sharayu Kalambe Jayu Kalambe Madhusudan B. Kulkarni Manish Bhaiyya |
| author_sort | Sangeeta Palekar |
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| description | Detecting kidney function biomarkers is critical for the early diagnosis of kidney diseases and monitoring treatment efficacy. In this work, a portable, 3D-printed colorimetric sensor platform was developed to detect key kidney biomarkers: uric acid, creatinine, and albumin. The platform features a 3D-printed enclosure with integrated diffused LED lighting to ensure a controlled environment for image acquisition. A disposable 3D-printed flow cell holds samples, ensuring precision and minimizing contamination. The sensor relies on colorimetric analysis, where a reagent reacts with blood serum to produce a color shift proportional to the biomarker concentration. Using a smartphone, the color change is captured, and RGB values are normalized to calculate concentrations based on the Beer-Lambert Law. The system adapts to variations in smartphones, reagent brands, and lighting conditions through an adaptive calibration algorithm, ensuring flexibility and accuracy. The sensor demonstrated good linear detection ranges for uric acid (1–30 mg/dL), creatinine (0.1–20 mg/dL), and albumin (0.1–8 g/dL), with detection limits of 1.15 mg/dL, 0.15 mg/dL, and 0.11 g/dL, respectively. These results correlated well with commercial biochemistry analyzers. Additionally, an Android application was developed to handle image processing and database management, providing a user-friendly interface for real-time blood analysis. This portable, cost-effective platform shows significant potential for point-of-care diagnostics and remote health monitoring. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e9450be5604645328da042aa63e4032e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-e9450be5604645328da042aa63e4032e2025-08-20T03:43:37ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-03-0115319210.3390/bios15030192A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker QuantificationSangeeta Palekar0Sharayu Kalambe1Jayu Kalambe2Madhusudan B. Kulkarni3Manish Bhaiyya4Department of Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, MH, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440008, MH, IndiaDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, MH, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, KA, IndiaDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, MH, IndiaDetecting kidney function biomarkers is critical for the early diagnosis of kidney diseases and monitoring treatment efficacy. In this work, a portable, 3D-printed colorimetric sensor platform was developed to detect key kidney biomarkers: uric acid, creatinine, and albumin. The platform features a 3D-printed enclosure with integrated diffused LED lighting to ensure a controlled environment for image acquisition. A disposable 3D-printed flow cell holds samples, ensuring precision and minimizing contamination. The sensor relies on colorimetric analysis, where a reagent reacts with blood serum to produce a color shift proportional to the biomarker concentration. Using a smartphone, the color change is captured, and RGB values are normalized to calculate concentrations based on the Beer-Lambert Law. The system adapts to variations in smartphones, reagent brands, and lighting conditions through an adaptive calibration algorithm, ensuring flexibility and accuracy. The sensor demonstrated good linear detection ranges for uric acid (1–30 mg/dL), creatinine (0.1–20 mg/dL), and albumin (0.1–8 g/dL), with detection limits of 1.15 mg/dL, 0.15 mg/dL, and 0.11 g/dL, respectively. These results correlated well with commercial biochemistry analyzers. Additionally, an Android application was developed to handle image processing and database management, providing a user-friendly interface for real-time blood analysis. This portable, cost-effective platform shows significant potential for point-of-care diagnostics and remote health monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/192point-of-care-testingdiagnosticshealth monitoringkidney biomarkercolorimetric3D printing |
| spellingShingle | Sangeeta Palekar Sharayu Kalambe Jayu Kalambe Madhusudan B. Kulkarni Manish Bhaiyya A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker Quantification Biosensors point-of-care-testing diagnostics health monitoring kidney biomarker colorimetric 3D printing |
| title | A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker Quantification |
| title_full | A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker Quantification |
| title_fullStr | A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker Quantification |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker Quantification |
| title_short | A Portable Smartphone-Based 3D-Printed Biosensing Platform for Kidney Function Biomarker Quantification |
| title_sort | portable smartphone based 3d printed biosensing platform for kidney function biomarker quantification |
| topic | point-of-care-testing diagnostics health monitoring kidney biomarker colorimetric 3D printing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/192 |
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