Analogical development of Livonian <i>i</i>-adjectives
This article presents both a diachronic and synchronic explanation for the occurrence of the suffix -i in Livonian adjectives. The suffix is prevalent among Livonian adjectives and in most cases it can be derived directly from the Finnic suffix *-in(En), such as Courland Livonian roudi ‘of iron’ &l...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
University of Tartu Press
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/view/24803 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849694037759492096 |
|---|---|
| author | Patrick O'Rourke |
| author_facet | Patrick O'Rourke |
| author_sort | Patrick O'Rourke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
This article presents both a diachronic and synchronic explanation for the occurrence of the suffix -i in Livonian adjectives. The suffix is prevalent among Livonian adjectives and in most cases it can be derived directly from the Finnic suffix *-in(En), such as Courland Livonian roudi ‘of iron’ < *rautain(e̮n).
In some Livonian adjectives, however, the suffix is of a secondary character and, therefore, analogical, such as Courland Livonian madāl ~ madāli ‘low; shallow’. Such a secondary spread of the suffix indicates its widened use towards that of a general adjectival marker. Motivations for such a change would be the language-internal need to distinguish between grammatical cases following extensive apocope and syncope, and language-externally the prolonged and deep contacts with Latvian, an Indo-European language with separate paradigms for nouns and adjectives.
Kokkuvõte. Patrick O’Rourke: Liivi i-adjektiivide analoogiline areng. Käesolevas artiklis esitletakse nii diakrooniline kui sünkrooniline seletus sufiksi -i esinemisele liivi adjektiivides. Sufiks on valdavas osas liivi adjektiividest ja enamasti saab seda tuletada otse algläänemeresoome sufiksist *-in(En), näiteks kuraliivi roudi ‘raudne’ < *rautain(e̮n).
Mõnes liivi adjektiivis on käsitletav sufiks aga sekundaarse iseloomuga ja seetõttu analoogiline, näiteks kuraliivi sõnas madāl ~ madāli ‘madal’. Seda tüüpi sekundaarse sufiksi levimine viitab sufiksi laienenud kasutusele üldise omadussõnalise tunnuse suunas. Motivatsiooni sellisele muutusele on võib-olla pakkunud keelesisene vajadus eristada käändevorme pärast ulatuslikku lõpu- ja sisekadu, ning pikaaegne ja sügav kontakt läti keelega ehk indoeuroopa keelega, milles on eraldi paradigmad nimi- ja omadussõnadele.
|
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e9449f5a5234426d926f7a0d426a8790 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1736-8987 2228-1339 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | University of Tartu Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri |
| spelling | doaj-art-e9449f5a5234426d926f7a0d426a87902025-08-20T03:20:13ZengUniversity of Tartu PressEesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri1736-89872228-13392025-06-0116210.12697/jeful.2025.16.2.04Analogical development of Livonian <i>i</i>-adjectivesPatrick O'Rourke0University of Tartu This article presents both a diachronic and synchronic explanation for the occurrence of the suffix -i in Livonian adjectives. The suffix is prevalent among Livonian adjectives and in most cases it can be derived directly from the Finnic suffix *-in(En), such as Courland Livonian roudi ‘of iron’ < *rautain(e̮n). In some Livonian adjectives, however, the suffix is of a secondary character and, therefore, analogical, such as Courland Livonian madāl ~ madāli ‘low; shallow’. Such a secondary spread of the suffix indicates its widened use towards that of a general adjectival marker. Motivations for such a change would be the language-internal need to distinguish between grammatical cases following extensive apocope and syncope, and language-externally the prolonged and deep contacts with Latvian, an Indo-European language with separate paradigms for nouns and adjectives. Kokkuvõte. Patrick O’Rourke: Liivi i-adjektiivide analoogiline areng. Käesolevas artiklis esitletakse nii diakrooniline kui sünkrooniline seletus sufiksi -i esinemisele liivi adjektiivides. Sufiks on valdavas osas liivi adjektiividest ja enamasti saab seda tuletada otse algläänemeresoome sufiksist *-in(En), näiteks kuraliivi roudi ‘raudne’ < *rautain(e̮n). Mõnes liivi adjektiivis on käsitletav sufiks aga sekundaarse iseloomuga ja seetõttu analoogiline, näiteks kuraliivi sõnas madāl ~ madāli ‘madal’. Seda tüüpi sekundaarse sufiksi levimine viitab sufiksi laienenud kasutusele üldise omadussõnalise tunnuse suunas. Motivatsiooni sellisele muutusele on võib-olla pakkunud keelesisene vajadus eristada käändevorme pärast ulatuslikku lõpu- ja sisekadu, ning pikaaegne ja sügav kontakt läti keelega ehk indoeuroopa keelega, milles on eraldi paradigmad nimi- ja omadussõnadele. https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/view/24803Livonian historical linguistics morphology adjectives analogy language contacts |
| spellingShingle | Patrick O'Rourke Analogical development of Livonian <i>i</i>-adjectives Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri Livonian historical linguistics morphology adjectives analogy language contacts |
| title | Analogical development of Livonian <i>i</i>-adjectives |
| title_full | Analogical development of Livonian <i>i</i>-adjectives |
| title_fullStr | Analogical development of Livonian <i>i</i>-adjectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analogical development of Livonian <i>i</i>-adjectives |
| title_short | Analogical development of Livonian <i>i</i>-adjectives |
| title_sort | analogical development of livonian i i i adjectives |
| topic | Livonian historical linguistics morphology adjectives analogy language contacts |
| url | https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/view/24803 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT patrickorourke analogicaldevelopmentoflivonianiiiadjectives |