Epstein-Barr Virus as a Trigger of Autoimmune Liver Diseases

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases includes a combination of genetic factors and environmental exposures including infectious agents. Infectious triggers are commonly indicated as being involved in the induction of autoimmune disease, with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) being implicated in several au...

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Main Authors: Eirini I. Rigopoulou, Daniel S. Smyk, Claire E. Matthews, Charalambos Billinis, Andrew K. Burroughs, Marco Lenzi, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012-01-01
Series:Advances in Virology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/987471
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author Eirini I. Rigopoulou
Daniel S. Smyk
Claire E. Matthews
Charalambos Billinis
Andrew K. Burroughs
Marco Lenzi
Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
author_facet Eirini I. Rigopoulou
Daniel S. Smyk
Claire E. Matthews
Charalambos Billinis
Andrew K. Burroughs
Marco Lenzi
Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
author_sort Eirini I. Rigopoulou
collection DOAJ
description The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases includes a combination of genetic factors and environmental exposures including infectious agents. Infectious triggers are commonly indicated as being involved in the induction of autoimmune disease, with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) being implicated in several autoimmune disorders. EBV is appealing in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, due to its high prevalence worldwide, its persistency throughout life in the host’s B lymphocytes, and its ability to alter the host’s immune response and to inhibit apoptosis. However, the evidence in support of EBV in the pathogenesis varies among diseases. Autoimmune liver diseases (AiLDs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), have a potential causative link with EBV. The data surrounding EBV and AiLD are scarce. The lack of evidence surrounding EBV in AiLD may also be reflective of the rarity of these conditions. EBV infection has also been linked to other autoimmune conditions, which are often found to be concomitant with AiLD. This paper will critically examine the literature surrounding the link between EBV infection and AiLD development. The current evidence is far from being conclusive of the theory of a link between EBV and AiLD.
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spelling doaj-art-e938eb9cc54943028e942f4d7b5e47f82025-08-20T02:21:53ZengWileyAdvances in Virology1687-86391687-86472012-01-01201210.1155/2012/987471987471Epstein-Barr Virus as a Trigger of Autoimmune Liver DiseasesEirini I. Rigopoulou0Daniel S. Smyk1Claire E. Matthews2Charalambos Billinis3Andrew K. Burroughs4Marco Lenzi5Dimitrios P. Bogdanos6Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly Medical School, Viopolis, 41110 Larissa, GreeceInstitute of Liver Studies and Liver Unit, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill Campus, London SE5 9RS, UKInstitute of Liver Studies and Liver Unit, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill Campus, London SE5 9RS, UKDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceThe Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and University Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW32QG, UKDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Policlinic, Padiglione 11, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, University of Thessaly Medical School, Viopolis, 41110 Larissa, GreeceThe pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases includes a combination of genetic factors and environmental exposures including infectious agents. Infectious triggers are commonly indicated as being involved in the induction of autoimmune disease, with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) being implicated in several autoimmune disorders. EBV is appealing in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, due to its high prevalence worldwide, its persistency throughout life in the host’s B lymphocytes, and its ability to alter the host’s immune response and to inhibit apoptosis. However, the evidence in support of EBV in the pathogenesis varies among diseases. Autoimmune liver diseases (AiLDs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), have a potential causative link with EBV. The data surrounding EBV and AiLD are scarce. The lack of evidence surrounding EBV in AiLD may also be reflective of the rarity of these conditions. EBV infection has also been linked to other autoimmune conditions, which are often found to be concomitant with AiLD. This paper will critically examine the literature surrounding the link between EBV infection and AiLD development. The current evidence is far from being conclusive of the theory of a link between EBV and AiLD.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/987471
spellingShingle Eirini I. Rigopoulou
Daniel S. Smyk
Claire E. Matthews
Charalambos Billinis
Andrew K. Burroughs
Marco Lenzi
Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
Epstein-Barr Virus as a Trigger of Autoimmune Liver Diseases
Advances in Virology
title Epstein-Barr Virus as a Trigger of Autoimmune Liver Diseases
title_full Epstein-Barr Virus as a Trigger of Autoimmune Liver Diseases
title_fullStr Epstein-Barr Virus as a Trigger of Autoimmune Liver Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Epstein-Barr Virus as a Trigger of Autoimmune Liver Diseases
title_short Epstein-Barr Virus as a Trigger of Autoimmune Liver Diseases
title_sort epstein barr virus as a trigger of autoimmune liver diseases
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/987471
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