Efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in Crohn’s diseases by the combination of three non-invasive markers

Abstract Background Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG), and fecal calprotectin (Fcal) are non-invasive markers used to assess Crohn’s disease (CD) severity. However, the accuracy of these markers alone is often limited, and most previous reports have evaluated th...

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Main Authors: Kensuke Takei, Toshihiro Inokuchi, Sakiko Hiraoka, Mikako Ishiguro, Junki Toyosawa, Yuki Aoyama, Shoko Igawa, Keiko Takeuchi, Yasushi Yamasaki, Hideaki Kinugasa, Masahiro Takahara, Seiji Kawano, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Motoyuki Otsuka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03880-5
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author Kensuke Takei
Toshihiro Inokuchi
Sakiko Hiraoka
Mikako Ishiguro
Junki Toyosawa
Yuki Aoyama
Shoko Igawa
Keiko Takeuchi
Yasushi Yamasaki
Hideaki Kinugasa
Masahiro Takahara
Seiji Kawano
Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
Motoyuki Otsuka
author_facet Kensuke Takei
Toshihiro Inokuchi
Sakiko Hiraoka
Mikako Ishiguro
Junki Toyosawa
Yuki Aoyama
Shoko Igawa
Keiko Takeuchi
Yasushi Yamasaki
Hideaki Kinugasa
Masahiro Takahara
Seiji Kawano
Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
Motoyuki Otsuka
author_sort Kensuke Takei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG), and fecal calprotectin (Fcal) are non-invasive markers used to assess Crohn’s disease (CD) severity. However, the accuracy of these markers alone is often limited, and most previous reports have evaluated the efficacy of each marker individually. We aimed to improve the diagnostic performance of endoscopic remission (ER) of CD by combining these 3 markers. Methods We tested the diagnostic ability of various combinations of these 3 markers for endoscopic severity in 230 consecutive patients with CD from September 2014 to July 2023. The modified Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (mSES-CD) was used to determine endoscopic severity. Results Each of the 3 markers was correlated with mSED-CD (LRG: r = 0.69, CRP: r = 0.60, and Fcal: r = 0.67). A combination of 2 of the 3 markers did not increase the diagnostic accuracy of ER. However, by combining all 3 markers, the diagnostic ability for ER was improved in comparison to the diagnostic ability of the 3 individual markers, assuming that ER was obtained if 2 or 3 markers were negative. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 89%, 83%, and 86%, respectively. Additionally, we established a 2-step method using Fcal values after evaluating the 2 serum markers. This method was most useful for reducing both the patient burden and costs. Conclusions The newly established 2-step method allowed for a higher accuracy in the non-invasive diagnosis of ER when the 3 markers were combined.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-230X
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
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series BMC Gastroenterology
spelling doaj-art-e930c2122af441efaac368954435269e2025-08-20T03:53:58ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2025-05-0125111310.1186/s12876-025-03880-5Efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in Crohn’s diseases by the combination of three non-invasive markersKensuke Takei0Toshihiro Inokuchi1Sakiko Hiraoka2Mikako Ishiguro3Junki Toyosawa4Yuki Aoyama5Shoko Igawa6Keiko Takeuchi7Yasushi Yamasaki8Hideaki Kinugasa9Masahiro Takahara10Seiji Kawano11Toshiharu Mitsuhashi12Motoyuki Otsuka13Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesResearch Center for Intestinal Health Science, Okayama UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCenter for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University HospitalDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAbstract Background Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG), and fecal calprotectin (Fcal) are non-invasive markers used to assess Crohn’s disease (CD) severity. However, the accuracy of these markers alone is often limited, and most previous reports have evaluated the efficacy of each marker individually. We aimed to improve the diagnostic performance of endoscopic remission (ER) of CD by combining these 3 markers. Methods We tested the diagnostic ability of various combinations of these 3 markers for endoscopic severity in 230 consecutive patients with CD from September 2014 to July 2023. The modified Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (mSES-CD) was used to determine endoscopic severity. Results Each of the 3 markers was correlated with mSED-CD (LRG: r = 0.69, CRP: r = 0.60, and Fcal: r = 0.67). A combination of 2 of the 3 markers did not increase the diagnostic accuracy of ER. However, by combining all 3 markers, the diagnostic ability for ER was improved in comparison to the diagnostic ability of the 3 individual markers, assuming that ER was obtained if 2 or 3 markers were negative. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 89%, 83%, and 86%, respectively. Additionally, we established a 2-step method using Fcal values after evaluating the 2 serum markers. This method was most useful for reducing both the patient burden and costs. Conclusions The newly established 2-step method allowed for a higher accuracy in the non-invasive diagnosis of ER when the 3 markers were combined.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03880-5CD, Crohn’s diseaseLRG, Leucine-rich alpha- 2 glycoproteinFcal, Fecal calprotectinCRP, C-reactive proteinER, Endoscopic remission
spellingShingle Kensuke Takei
Toshihiro Inokuchi
Sakiko Hiraoka
Mikako Ishiguro
Junki Toyosawa
Yuki Aoyama
Shoko Igawa
Keiko Takeuchi
Yasushi Yamasaki
Hideaki Kinugasa
Masahiro Takahara
Seiji Kawano
Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
Motoyuki Otsuka
Efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in Crohn’s diseases by the combination of three non-invasive markers
BMC Gastroenterology
CD, Crohn’s disease
LRG, Leucine-rich alpha- 2 glycoprotein
Fcal, Fecal calprotectin
CRP, C-reactive protein
ER, Endoscopic remission
title Efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in Crohn’s diseases by the combination of three non-invasive markers
title_full Efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in Crohn’s diseases by the combination of three non-invasive markers
title_fullStr Efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in Crohn’s diseases by the combination of three non-invasive markers
title_full_unstemmed Efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in Crohn’s diseases by the combination of three non-invasive markers
title_short Efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in Crohn’s diseases by the combination of three non-invasive markers
title_sort efficient diagnosis for endoscopic remission in crohn s diseases by the combination of three non invasive markers
topic CD, Crohn’s disease
LRG, Leucine-rich alpha- 2 glycoprotein
Fcal, Fecal calprotectin
CRP, C-reactive protein
ER, Endoscopic remission
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03880-5
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