Research on the Location-Routing Optimization of International Freight Trains Considering the Implementation of Blockchain

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of low load factor and profit margin in the point-to-point transportation of international freight trains through the assembly transportation organization mode. A bi-objective location-routing optimization model is constructed to optimize problems, s...

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Main Authors: Zhichao Hong, Hao Shen, Wenjie Sun, Jin Zhang, Hongbin Liang, Gang Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3797
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author Zhichao Hong
Hao Shen
Wenjie Sun
Jin Zhang
Hongbin Liang
Gang Zhao
author_facet Zhichao Hong
Hao Shen
Wenjie Sun
Jin Zhang
Hongbin Liang
Gang Zhao
author_sort Zhichao Hong
collection DOAJ
description The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of low load factor and profit margin in the point-to-point transportation of international freight trains through the assembly transportation organization mode. A bi-objective location-routing optimization model is constructed to optimize problems, such as the location of the assembly center, route of freight assembly, frequency of international freight trains, and number of formations. The objectives are to minimize the total comprehensive cost and maximize the average satisfaction of the shippers. Considering the impact of blockchain technology, the proportion of customs clearance time reduction after blockchain implementation, the proportion of customs clearance fee reduction after blockchain implementation, and the cost of blockchain technology are introduced into the model. The case study is based on railroad transportation data for 2022. In this case, 43 stations in the Indo-China Peninsula are selected as origin stations, and two Chinese stations are designated terminal stations. An improved NSGA-II algorithm (ANSGAII-OD) is proposed to resolve the location-routing optimization model. This algorithm is based on opposition-based learning and its dominant strength. The case study indicates that assembly transportation is advantageous compared with direct transportation. Moreover, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 19.77%. Furthermore, blockchain technology can effectively reduce costs and improve transportation efficiency. After the implementation of blockchain technology, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 8.10%, whereas the average satisfaction of shippers is increased by 10.35%.
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spelling doaj-art-e92f71b6aa3c470991de120c25a737792025-08-20T02:38:39ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902024-11-011223379710.3390/math12233797Research on the Location-Routing Optimization of International Freight Trains Considering the Implementation of BlockchainZhichao Hong0Hao Shen1Wenjie Sun2Jin Zhang3Hongbin Liang4Gang Zhao5School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaChina Railway Union International Container Smart Logistics Chengdu Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610084, ChinaThe purpose of this study is to solve the problem of low load factor and profit margin in the point-to-point transportation of international freight trains through the assembly transportation organization mode. A bi-objective location-routing optimization model is constructed to optimize problems, such as the location of the assembly center, route of freight assembly, frequency of international freight trains, and number of formations. The objectives are to minimize the total comprehensive cost and maximize the average satisfaction of the shippers. Considering the impact of blockchain technology, the proportion of customs clearance time reduction after blockchain implementation, the proportion of customs clearance fee reduction after blockchain implementation, and the cost of blockchain technology are introduced into the model. The case study is based on railroad transportation data for 2022. In this case, 43 stations in the Indo-China Peninsula are selected as origin stations, and two Chinese stations are designated terminal stations. An improved NSGA-II algorithm (ANSGAII-OD) is proposed to resolve the location-routing optimization model. This algorithm is based on opposition-based learning and its dominant strength. The case study indicates that assembly transportation is advantageous compared with direct transportation. Moreover, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 19.77%. Furthermore, blockchain technology can effectively reduce costs and improve transportation efficiency. After the implementation of blockchain technology, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 8.10%, whereas the average satisfaction of shippers is increased by 10.35%.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3797international freight trainsassembly centerlocation-routing optimization modelblockchain technologyANSGAII-OD
spellingShingle Zhichao Hong
Hao Shen
Wenjie Sun
Jin Zhang
Hongbin Liang
Gang Zhao
Research on the Location-Routing Optimization of International Freight Trains Considering the Implementation of Blockchain
Mathematics
international freight trains
assembly center
location-routing optimization model
blockchain technology
ANSGAII-OD
title Research on the Location-Routing Optimization of International Freight Trains Considering the Implementation of Blockchain
title_full Research on the Location-Routing Optimization of International Freight Trains Considering the Implementation of Blockchain
title_fullStr Research on the Location-Routing Optimization of International Freight Trains Considering the Implementation of Blockchain
title_full_unstemmed Research on the Location-Routing Optimization of International Freight Trains Considering the Implementation of Blockchain
title_short Research on the Location-Routing Optimization of International Freight Trains Considering the Implementation of Blockchain
title_sort research on the location routing optimization of international freight trains considering the implementation of blockchain
topic international freight trains
assembly center
location-routing optimization model
blockchain technology
ANSGAII-OD
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3797
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