Nonzero-Sum Time Perception Is Associated with Greater Willingness to Help

People are less likely to help others when they view time as a scarce resource. Does changing people’s <i>perception</i> of time influence their willingness to help? We hypothesized that people would be more willing to help and would allocate more time to helping others when they view ti...

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Main Authors: Yu Niiya, Syamil Yakin, Lora E. Park, Ya-Hui Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/15/5/90
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author Yu Niiya
Syamil Yakin
Lora E. Park
Ya-Hui Chang
author_facet Yu Niiya
Syamil Yakin
Lora E. Park
Ya-Hui Chang
author_sort Yu Niiya
collection DOAJ
description People are less likely to help others when they view time as a scarce resource. Does changing people’s <i>perception</i> of time influence their willingness to help? We hypothesized that people would be more willing to help and would allocate more time to helping others when they view time as a <i>nonzero-sum</i> resource (i.e., as a resource that merely exists or that can be created moment-by-moment with their interactions with others) versus a <i>zero-sum</i> resource (i.e., a commodity that can be lost, taken, or given away). Study 1 measured people’s perception of time and their willingness to help in hypothetical vignettes. Studies 2 and 3 manipulated the perception of time to examine its effect on people’s willingness to help others and the amount of time they wanted to spend helping. Study 3 further examined prosocial motivation as a potential mediator. Across the three studies, we demonstrated that when people perceive time as a nonzero-sum resource versus a zero-sum resource, people are more willing to help others. People’s prosocial motivation to reduce others’ distress mediated this relationship. We speculate that when people perceive time to be nonzero-sum, time spent helping others is not viewed as costly, but as a resource to invest in to benefit both themselves and others.
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spelling doaj-art-e92d2a7dc9ce428098d717e76445e98a2025-08-20T02:33:52ZengMDPI AGEuropean Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education2174-81442254-96252025-05-011559010.3390/ejihpe15050090Nonzero-Sum Time Perception Is Associated with Greater Willingness to HelpYu Niiya0Syamil Yakin1Lora E. Park2Ya-Hui Chang3Department and Faculty of Global and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hosei University, Ichigaya Campus, Tokyo 102-8160, JapanDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USADepartment of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USAPeople are less likely to help others when they view time as a scarce resource. Does changing people’s <i>perception</i> of time influence their willingness to help? We hypothesized that people would be more willing to help and would allocate more time to helping others when they view time as a <i>nonzero-sum</i> resource (i.e., as a resource that merely exists or that can be created moment-by-moment with their interactions with others) versus a <i>zero-sum</i> resource (i.e., a commodity that can be lost, taken, or given away). Study 1 measured people’s perception of time and their willingness to help in hypothetical vignettes. Studies 2 and 3 manipulated the perception of time to examine its effect on people’s willingness to help others and the amount of time they wanted to spend helping. Study 3 further examined prosocial motivation as a potential mediator. Across the three studies, we demonstrated that when people perceive time as a nonzero-sum resource versus a zero-sum resource, people are more willing to help others. People’s prosocial motivation to reduce others’ distress mediated this relationship. We speculate that when people perceive time to be nonzero-sum, time spent helping others is not viewed as costly, but as a resource to invest in to benefit both themselves and others.https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/15/5/90nonzero-sumzero-sumtime perceptionhelpingprosocial
spellingShingle Yu Niiya
Syamil Yakin
Lora E. Park
Ya-Hui Chang
Nonzero-Sum Time Perception Is Associated with Greater Willingness to Help
European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
nonzero-sum
zero-sum
time perception
helping
prosocial
title Nonzero-Sum Time Perception Is Associated with Greater Willingness to Help
title_full Nonzero-Sum Time Perception Is Associated with Greater Willingness to Help
title_fullStr Nonzero-Sum Time Perception Is Associated with Greater Willingness to Help
title_full_unstemmed Nonzero-Sum Time Perception Is Associated with Greater Willingness to Help
title_short Nonzero-Sum Time Perception Is Associated with Greater Willingness to Help
title_sort nonzero sum time perception is associated with greater willingness to help
topic nonzero-sum
zero-sum
time perception
helping
prosocial
url https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/15/5/90
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AT syamilyakin nonzerosumtimeperceptionisassociatedwithgreaterwillingnesstohelp
AT loraepark nonzerosumtimeperceptionisassociatedwithgreaterwillingnesstohelp
AT yahuichang nonzerosumtimeperceptionisassociatedwithgreaterwillingnesstohelp