The Role of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids Mediated Oxidative Stress in Inducing Apoptosis of Wolfberry Root Rot Pathogen Fungi

Wolfberry (<i>Lycium barbarum</i>) is a vital economic tree species in northwest China, but root rot caused by <i>Fusarium solani</i> occurs frequently, which seriously endangers the quality and yield of wolfberry. In this study, potato glycoside alkaloids (PGAs), a plant-der...

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Main Authors: Yuyan Sun, Bin Wang, Wei Chen, Yanbo Wang, Dongdong Zhou, Mengyang Zhang, Chongqing Zhang, Ruiyun Li, Jing He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1537
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author Yuyan Sun
Bin Wang
Wei Chen
Yanbo Wang
Dongdong Zhou
Mengyang Zhang
Chongqing Zhang
Ruiyun Li
Jing He
author_facet Yuyan Sun
Bin Wang
Wei Chen
Yanbo Wang
Dongdong Zhou
Mengyang Zhang
Chongqing Zhang
Ruiyun Li
Jing He
author_sort Yuyan Sun
collection DOAJ
description Wolfberry (<i>Lycium barbarum</i>) is a vital economic tree species in northwest China, but root rot caused by <i>Fusarium solani</i> occurs frequently, which seriously endangers the quality and yield of wolfberry. In this study, potato glycoside alkaloids (PGAs), a plant-derived active substance, were used as materials to explore its inhibitory effect on <i>F. solani</i>. By analyzing the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis, the role of PGAs-mediated oxidative stress in inducing apoptosis of <i>F. solani</i> was revealed. The findings suggest that PGAs treatment inhibited mycelium growth, reduced biomass and sporulation, and delayed spore germination in <i>F. solani</i>. The concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC<sub>50</sub>) was 1.85 mg/mL. PGAs treatment induced an increase in caspase-3 activity, disrupting the cell membrane of fungi. In addition, PGAs treatment activated NADH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), promoted hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) accumulation, and decreased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities as well as oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), and electron donor NADPH content. In summary, PGAs has a strong inhibitory effect on <i>F. solani</i>, and its inhibitory effect may be related to the promotion of ROS accumulation by PGAs, causing the disorder of intracellular redox balance of fungi, the decrease of total antioxidant capacity, and finally the induction of apoptosis. This study provides a new insight into the antifungal mechanism of PGAs against <i>F. solani</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-e92b136d8e4144b79739eb54b214c8da2025-08-20T02:57:08ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-12-011312153710.3390/antiox13121537The Role of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids Mediated Oxidative Stress in Inducing Apoptosis of Wolfberry Root Rot Pathogen FungiYuyan Sun0Bin Wang1Wei Chen2Yanbo Wang3Dongdong Zhou4Mengyang Zhang5Chongqing Zhang6Ruiyun Li7Jing He8College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaWolfberry (<i>Lycium barbarum</i>) is a vital economic tree species in northwest China, but root rot caused by <i>Fusarium solani</i> occurs frequently, which seriously endangers the quality and yield of wolfberry. In this study, potato glycoside alkaloids (PGAs), a plant-derived active substance, were used as materials to explore its inhibitory effect on <i>F. solani</i>. By analyzing the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis, the role of PGAs-mediated oxidative stress in inducing apoptosis of <i>F. solani</i> was revealed. The findings suggest that PGAs treatment inhibited mycelium growth, reduced biomass and sporulation, and delayed spore germination in <i>F. solani</i>. The concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC<sub>50</sub>) was 1.85 mg/mL. PGAs treatment induced an increase in caspase-3 activity, disrupting the cell membrane of fungi. In addition, PGAs treatment activated NADH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), promoted hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) accumulation, and decreased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities as well as oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), and electron donor NADPH content. In summary, PGAs has a strong inhibitory effect on <i>F. solani</i>, and its inhibitory effect may be related to the promotion of ROS accumulation by PGAs, causing the disorder of intracellular redox balance of fungi, the decrease of total antioxidant capacity, and finally the induction of apoptosis. This study provides a new insight into the antifungal mechanism of PGAs against <i>F. solani</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1537wolfberryroot rotpotato glycoside alkaloidsoxidative stresscell apoptosis
spellingShingle Yuyan Sun
Bin Wang
Wei Chen
Yanbo Wang
Dongdong Zhou
Mengyang Zhang
Chongqing Zhang
Ruiyun Li
Jing He
The Role of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids Mediated Oxidative Stress in Inducing Apoptosis of Wolfberry Root Rot Pathogen Fungi
Antioxidants
wolfberry
root rot
potato glycoside alkaloids
oxidative stress
cell apoptosis
title The Role of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids Mediated Oxidative Stress in Inducing Apoptosis of Wolfberry Root Rot Pathogen Fungi
title_full The Role of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids Mediated Oxidative Stress in Inducing Apoptosis of Wolfberry Root Rot Pathogen Fungi
title_fullStr The Role of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids Mediated Oxidative Stress in Inducing Apoptosis of Wolfberry Root Rot Pathogen Fungi
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids Mediated Oxidative Stress in Inducing Apoptosis of Wolfberry Root Rot Pathogen Fungi
title_short The Role of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids Mediated Oxidative Stress in Inducing Apoptosis of Wolfberry Root Rot Pathogen Fungi
title_sort role of potato glycoside alkaloids mediated oxidative stress in inducing apoptosis of wolfberry root rot pathogen fungi
topic wolfberry
root rot
potato glycoside alkaloids
oxidative stress
cell apoptosis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1537
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