Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological Findings
Objective: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. In developing countries, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is commonly used for screening to reduce mortality rates. The International Academy of Cytology has established the Yokohama system to enhance diagnostic clari...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Galenos Publishing House
2025-07-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Breast Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.eurjbreasthealth.com/articles/categorization-of-breast-fine-needle-aspirates-using-yokohama-classification-and-its-correlation-with-histopathological-findings/doi/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-11-4 |
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| author | Vishal Rohilla Parveen Kundu Monika Gathwal Pushpendra Malik Chiranjeev Gathwal Sunaina Hooda |
| author_facet | Vishal Rohilla Parveen Kundu Monika Gathwal Pushpendra Malik Chiranjeev Gathwal Sunaina Hooda |
| author_sort | Vishal Rohilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. In developing countries, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is commonly used for screening to reduce mortality rates. The International Academy of Cytology has established the Yokohama system to enhance diagnostic clarity and communication between pathologists and clinicians. A triple test approach, incorporating clinical evaluation, imaging, and FNAC, can further improve patient care for breast lesions and may enhance the Yokohama System’s effectiveness.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study about breast FNAC was done over a period of one year, from October 2022 to September 2023. The study involved patients with breast lesion referred for FNAC in the department of Pathology. The FNAC results were further classified using the Yokohama system for reporting breast cytopathology, 2016. The cytological findings were correlated with available histopathological results.
Results: In the study of 104 cases, 60 (57.7%) of whom had available histopathology results, breast lesions were categorized using the Yokohama system as: 7.7% insufficient, 47.1% benign, 26.9% atypical, 2.9% suspicious of malignancy, and 15.4% malignant. The risk of malignancy varied by category: 0% for category 1, 3.2% for category 2, 47% for category 3, and 100% for categories 4 and 5. The maximum sensitivity was 94.7% when considering atypical, suspicious, and malignant cases as positive. The highest specificity was 97.56% for malignant cases alone, while the best diagnostic accuracy was 83.3% when both malignant and suspicious cases were counted as positive.
Conclusion: The Yokohama system effectively classified borderline lesions, facilitating early detection and improved management options. By integrating FNAC with standardized reporting, healthcare providers can make informed decisions, enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of breast lesions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e92a5ba638d446ee95ef59bca1a1a017 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2587-0831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Galenos Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Breast Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-e92a5ba638d446ee95ef59bca1a1a0172025-08-20T03:30:14ZengGalenos Publishing HouseEuropean Journal of Breast Health2587-08312025-07-0121323724510.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-11-4Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological FindingsVishal Rohilla0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9195-7373Parveen Kundu1https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0338-0897Monika Gathwal2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8806-6554Pushpendra Malik3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-8596Chiranjeev Gathwal4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-0911Sunaina Hooda5https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9204-8235Department of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of General Surgery, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of Radiodiagnosis, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Haryana, IndiaObjective: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. In developing countries, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is commonly used for screening to reduce mortality rates. The International Academy of Cytology has established the Yokohama system to enhance diagnostic clarity and communication between pathologists and clinicians. A triple test approach, incorporating clinical evaluation, imaging, and FNAC, can further improve patient care for breast lesions and may enhance the Yokohama System’s effectiveness. Materials and Methods: A prospective study about breast FNAC was done over a period of one year, from October 2022 to September 2023. The study involved patients with breast lesion referred for FNAC in the department of Pathology. The FNAC results were further classified using the Yokohama system for reporting breast cytopathology, 2016. The cytological findings were correlated with available histopathological results. Results: In the study of 104 cases, 60 (57.7%) of whom had available histopathology results, breast lesions were categorized using the Yokohama system as: 7.7% insufficient, 47.1% benign, 26.9% atypical, 2.9% suspicious of malignancy, and 15.4% malignant. The risk of malignancy varied by category: 0% for category 1, 3.2% for category 2, 47% for category 3, and 100% for categories 4 and 5. The maximum sensitivity was 94.7% when considering atypical, suspicious, and malignant cases as positive. The highest specificity was 97.56% for malignant cases alone, while the best diagnostic accuracy was 83.3% when both malignant and suspicious cases were counted as positive. Conclusion: The Yokohama system effectively classified borderline lesions, facilitating early detection and improved management options. By integrating FNAC with standardized reporting, healthcare providers can make informed decisions, enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of breast lesions.https://www.eurjbreasthealth.com/articles/categorization-of-breast-fine-needle-aspirates-using-yokohama-classification-and-its-correlation-with-histopathological-findings/doi/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-11-4breast cancerfine needle aspiration cytologyyokohama systemrisk of malignancy |
| spellingShingle | Vishal Rohilla Parveen Kundu Monika Gathwal Pushpendra Malik Chiranjeev Gathwal Sunaina Hooda Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological Findings European Journal of Breast Health breast cancer fine needle aspiration cytology yokohama system risk of malignancy |
| title | Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological Findings |
| title_full | Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological Findings |
| title_fullStr | Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological Findings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological Findings |
| title_short | Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological Findings |
| title_sort | categorization of breast fine needle aspirates using yokohama classification and its correlation with histopathological findings |
| topic | breast cancer fine needle aspiration cytology yokohama system risk of malignancy |
| url | https://www.eurjbreasthealth.com/articles/categorization-of-breast-fine-needle-aspirates-using-yokohama-classification-and-its-correlation-with-histopathological-findings/doi/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-11-4 |
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