Impact of a six-week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players: a cluster analysis approach

This study aimed to classify young tennis players into sub-groups (clusters) based on their performance and physical fitness determinants and to analyze their cluster assignment change over six weeks of intervention. A sample of young athletes aged 10–14 years was used, and players were classified a...

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Main Authors: João P. Oliveira, Daniel A. Marinho, Tatiana Sampaio, Bulent Kilit, Jorge E. Morais
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1571019/full
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author João P. Oliveira
João P. Oliveira
João P. Oliveira
Daniel A. Marinho
Daniel A. Marinho
Tatiana Sampaio
Tatiana Sampaio
Tatiana Sampaio
Bulent Kilit
Jorge E. Morais
Jorge E. Morais
author_facet João P. Oliveira
João P. Oliveira
João P. Oliveira
Daniel A. Marinho
Daniel A. Marinho
Tatiana Sampaio
Tatiana Sampaio
Tatiana Sampaio
Bulent Kilit
Jorge E. Morais
Jorge E. Morais
author_sort João P. Oliveira
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to classify young tennis players into sub-groups (clusters) based on their performance and physical fitness determinants and to analyze their cluster assignment change over six weeks of intervention. A sample of young athletes aged 10–14 years was used, and players were classified according to their International Tennis Number (ITN) and various physical fitness metrics after a six-week specific training program. Clusters were also analyzed for cluster assignment changes across pre-test and post-test interventions. The results showed that the performance variables in all clusters improved at the end of the intervention. Specifically, ITN scores improved by an average of 15% (p < 0.05), the 5-m sprint times improved by 8.5% on average (p < 0.01), and the T-drill agility test showed a 10% reduction in completion time (p < 0.01). However, key determinants for cluster formation assessment scores differed, meaning that the training resulted in the physical fitness profiles changing over time. Improvement in 5-m sprint and T-drill agility tests showed that the current program was effective in improving movement characteristics that are vital to a tennis player. Movement between clusters was observed, with some players improving their classification while others regressed, highlighting the need for individualized training interventions to optimize player development. Individualized responses to training are common among young athletes, reflecting varying developmental stages. Clustering can help tailor training programs to the specific needs of different groups. In summary, this study highlights the effects of specific training on young tennis players and emphasizes the necessity of considering individual differences in growth and training responses.
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spelling doaj-art-e914fd6d873a4a22b7ae017f406179542025-08-20T02:30:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672025-06-01710.3389/fspor.2025.15710191571019Impact of a six-week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players: a cluster analysis approachJoão P. Oliveira0João P. Oliveira1João P. Oliveira2Daniel A. Marinho3Daniel A. Marinho4Tatiana Sampaio5Tatiana Sampaio6Tatiana Sampaio7Bulent Kilit8Jorge E. Morais9Jorge E. Morais10Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, PortugalResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, PortugalResearch Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, PortugalDepartment of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, PortugalResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, PortugalDepartment of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, PortugalResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, PortugalResearch Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, PortugalFaculty of Sport Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, TürkiyeResearch Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, PortugalDepartment of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, PortugalThis study aimed to classify young tennis players into sub-groups (clusters) based on their performance and physical fitness determinants and to analyze their cluster assignment change over six weeks of intervention. A sample of young athletes aged 10–14 years was used, and players were classified according to their International Tennis Number (ITN) and various physical fitness metrics after a six-week specific training program. Clusters were also analyzed for cluster assignment changes across pre-test and post-test interventions. The results showed that the performance variables in all clusters improved at the end of the intervention. Specifically, ITN scores improved by an average of 15% (p < 0.05), the 5-m sprint times improved by 8.5% on average (p < 0.01), and the T-drill agility test showed a 10% reduction in completion time (p < 0.01). However, key determinants for cluster formation assessment scores differed, meaning that the training resulted in the physical fitness profiles changing over time. Improvement in 5-m sprint and T-drill agility tests showed that the current program was effective in improving movement characteristics that are vital to a tennis player. Movement between clusters was observed, with some players improving their classification while others regressed, highlighting the need for individualized training interventions to optimize player development. Individualized responses to training are common among young athletes, reflecting varying developmental stages. Clustering can help tailor training programs to the specific needs of different groups. In summary, this study highlights the effects of specific training on young tennis players and emphasizes the necessity of considering individual differences in growth and training responses.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1571019/fullyouth tenniscluster analysisphysical fitnessinterventionperformance
spellingShingle João P. Oliveira
João P. Oliveira
João P. Oliveira
Daniel A. Marinho
Daniel A. Marinho
Tatiana Sampaio
Tatiana Sampaio
Tatiana Sampaio
Bulent Kilit
Jorge E. Morais
Jorge E. Morais
Impact of a six-week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players: a cluster analysis approach
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
youth tennis
cluster analysis
physical fitness
intervention
performance
title Impact of a six-week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players: a cluster analysis approach
title_full Impact of a six-week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players: a cluster analysis approach
title_fullStr Impact of a six-week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players: a cluster analysis approach
title_full_unstemmed Impact of a six-week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players: a cluster analysis approach
title_short Impact of a six-week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players: a cluster analysis approach
title_sort impact of a six week training program on physical fitness and performance of young tennis players a cluster analysis approach
topic youth tennis
cluster analysis
physical fitness
intervention
performance
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1571019/full
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