Investigating the Thermal Properties of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Material Nanocomposites in the Prevention of Heat Stress

Introduction: Wearable thermal management systems and phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as effective solutions for regulating body temperature and storing thermal energy. This study focuses on synthesizing and thermal optimizing a sodium sulfate decahydrate-based nanocomposite incorporating...

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Main Authors: Elnaz Rahimi, Saba Kalantary, Aziz Babapoor, Habibollah Dehghan, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, Mohammadreza Monazzam Esmaeelpour
Format: Article
Language:fas
Published: Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2025-07-01
Series:بهداشت و ایمنی کار
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Online Access:http://jhsw.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7158-en.pdf
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author Elnaz Rahimi
Saba Kalantary
Aziz Babapoor
Habibollah Dehghan
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
Mohammadreza Monazzam Esmaeelpour
author_facet Elnaz Rahimi
Saba Kalantary
Aziz Babapoor
Habibollah Dehghan
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
Mohammadreza Monazzam Esmaeelpour
author_sort Elnaz Rahimi
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Wearable thermal management systems and phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as effective solutions for regulating body temperature and storing thermal energy. This study focuses on synthesizing and thermal optimizing a sodium sulfate decahydrate-based nanocomposite incorporating various nanoparticles to improve its performance for personal thermal regulation applications. Material and Methods: The composite was prepared using sodium sulfate decahydrate as the base PCM. Potassium chloride (KCl) was added to adjust the melting point, borax (STD) served as a nucleating agent, and sodium polyacrylate (SPA) was included as a thickening agent to suppress phase separation. To evaluate the effect of nanoparticle additives, 0.05 wt.% of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), graphene oxide (GO), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) were separately incorporated into the base formulation. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to analyze the surface morphology of the resulting nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) assessed thermal properties, including phase transition temperatures (melting and freezing points) and latent heat. Results: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that sample S-5-5 comprising sodium sulfate decahydrate with 3 wt.% KCl, 5 wt.% STD and SPA exhibited a melting temperature of 29.5 °C and a latent heat of 120 J/g. This composition remained stable without phase separation. The incorporation of nanoparticles raised the melting point of the base PCM by 0.6 to 1.72 °C. Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) reduced the latent heat of fusion, whereas GO and TiO₂ increased it. Conclusion: These findings confirm that the thermal properties of sodium sulfate decahydrate-based PCMs can be tailored by including specific additives and nanoparticles. Hydrated salt nanocomposites demonstrate strong potential as PCMs for wearable body temperature regulation.
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series بهداشت و ایمنی کار
spelling doaj-art-e9108d2231144069bf2e5d83dbf041fd2025-08-20T03:50:25ZfasTehran University of Medical Sciencesبهداشت و ایمنی کار2251-807X2383-20882025-07-01152271287Investigating the Thermal Properties of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Material Nanocomposites in the Prevention of Heat StressElnaz Rahimi0Saba Kalantary1Aziz Babapoor2Habibollah Dehghan3Anoshirvan Kazemnejad4Mohammadreza Monazzam Esmaeelpour5 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Wearable thermal management systems and phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as effective solutions for regulating body temperature and storing thermal energy. This study focuses on synthesizing and thermal optimizing a sodium sulfate decahydrate-based nanocomposite incorporating various nanoparticles to improve its performance for personal thermal regulation applications. Material and Methods: The composite was prepared using sodium sulfate decahydrate as the base PCM. Potassium chloride (KCl) was added to adjust the melting point, borax (STD) served as a nucleating agent, and sodium polyacrylate (SPA) was included as a thickening agent to suppress phase separation. To evaluate the effect of nanoparticle additives, 0.05 wt.% of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), graphene oxide (GO), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) were separately incorporated into the base formulation. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to analyze the surface morphology of the resulting nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) assessed thermal properties, including phase transition temperatures (melting and freezing points) and latent heat. Results: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that sample S-5-5 comprising sodium sulfate decahydrate with 3 wt.% KCl, 5 wt.% STD and SPA exhibited a melting temperature of 29.5 °C and a latent heat of 120 J/g. This composition remained stable without phase separation. The incorporation of nanoparticles raised the melting point of the base PCM by 0.6 to 1.72 °C. Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) reduced the latent heat of fusion, whereas GO and TiO₂ increased it. Conclusion: These findings confirm that the thermal properties of sodium sulfate decahydrate-based PCMs can be tailored by including specific additives and nanoparticles. Hydrated salt nanocomposites demonstrate strong potential as PCMs for wearable body temperature regulation.http://jhsw.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7158-en.pdfheat stressphase change materialsnanocompositesodium sulfate decahydratenanoparticles
spellingShingle Elnaz Rahimi
Saba Kalantary
Aziz Babapoor
Habibollah Dehghan
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
Mohammadreza Monazzam Esmaeelpour
Investigating the Thermal Properties of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Material Nanocomposites in the Prevention of Heat Stress
بهداشت و ایمنی کار
heat stress
phase change materials
nanocomposite
sodium sulfate decahydrate
nanoparticles
title Investigating the Thermal Properties of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Material Nanocomposites in the Prevention of Heat Stress
title_full Investigating the Thermal Properties of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Material Nanocomposites in the Prevention of Heat Stress
title_fullStr Investigating the Thermal Properties of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Material Nanocomposites in the Prevention of Heat Stress
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the Thermal Properties of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Material Nanocomposites in the Prevention of Heat Stress
title_short Investigating the Thermal Properties of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Material Nanocomposites in the Prevention of Heat Stress
title_sort investigating the thermal properties of hydrated salt phase change material nanocomposites in the prevention of heat stress
topic heat stress
phase change materials
nanocomposite
sodium sulfate decahydrate
nanoparticles
url http://jhsw.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7158-en.pdf
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AT azizbabapoor investigatingthethermalpropertiesofhydratedsaltphasechangematerialnanocompositesinthepreventionofheatstress
AT habibollahdehghan investigatingthethermalpropertiesofhydratedsaltphasechangematerialnanocompositesinthepreventionofheatstress
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