Extreme heat preparedness and response implementation: a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators, and needs among local health jurisdictions in the United States

Extreme heat events (EHEs) are the deadliest weather hazards in the United States (U.S.). Local health jurisdictions (LHJs) in the U.S. are frontline responders during EHEs and other public health emergencies. This study aims to clarify the factors influencing EHE preparedness and response implement...

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Main Authors: Jessica C Kelley, Cat Hartwell, Evan C Mix, Chelsea Gridley-Smith, Gregory A Wellenius, Amruta Nori-Sarma, Jeremy J Hess, Nicole A Errett
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/adf08b
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author Jessica C Kelley
Cat Hartwell
Evan C Mix
Chelsea Gridley-Smith
Gregory A Wellenius
Amruta Nori-Sarma
Jeremy J Hess
Nicole A Errett
author_facet Jessica C Kelley
Cat Hartwell
Evan C Mix
Chelsea Gridley-Smith
Gregory A Wellenius
Amruta Nori-Sarma
Jeremy J Hess
Nicole A Errett
author_sort Jessica C Kelley
collection DOAJ
description Extreme heat events (EHEs) are the deadliest weather hazards in the United States (U.S.). Local health jurisdictions (LHJs) in the U.S. are frontline responders during EHEs and other public health emergencies. This study aims to clarify the factors influencing EHE preparedness and response implementation. From January to March 2023, we conducted and thematically analyzed four focus group discussions with 17 representatives from U.S. LHJs. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to guide the discussion. Participants described barriers, facilitators, and needs surrounding extreme heat preparedness and response implementation. The focus group discussions identified four factors that influence EHE preparedness and response implementation: local conditions (environmental, political, planning); engaging communities and tailoring strategies; partnerships and relational connections; and available resources. Focus group discussions emphasized the need for EHE preparedness and response activities to be targeted and scaled to the unique climate, population, and needs of the implementing jurisdiction. Local conditions, community engagement, partnerships, and available resources shape LHJ priorities. The study emphasizes the need for scalable resources and comprehensive plans, and identifies research gaps to be addressed in the future.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IOP Publishing
record_format Article
series Environmental Research: Health
spelling doaj-art-e90d8a3420fb4dcf8d628a8cb40ddf8b2025-08-20T03:26:04ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Health2752-53092025-01-013303100210.1088/2752-5309/adf08bExtreme heat preparedness and response implementation: a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators, and needs among local health jurisdictions in the United StatesJessica C Kelley0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-9643Cat Hartwell1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-4554Evan C Mix2https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0815-5596Chelsea Gridley-Smith3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-9342Gregory A Wellenius4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-7376Amruta Nori-Sarma5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2335-6811Jeremy J Hess6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-2459Nicole A Errett7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-8336Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health , Seattle, WA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health , Seattle, WA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health , Seattle, WA, United States of AmericaNational Association of County and City Health Officials , Washington, DC, United States of AmericaCenter for Climate and Health , Boston, MA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Environmental Health , Boston, MA, United States of America; Center for Climate , Boston, MA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health , Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health , Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health , Seattle, WA, United States of AmericaExtreme heat events (EHEs) are the deadliest weather hazards in the United States (U.S.). Local health jurisdictions (LHJs) in the U.S. are frontline responders during EHEs and other public health emergencies. This study aims to clarify the factors influencing EHE preparedness and response implementation. From January to March 2023, we conducted and thematically analyzed four focus group discussions with 17 representatives from U.S. LHJs. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to guide the discussion. Participants described barriers, facilitators, and needs surrounding extreme heat preparedness and response implementation. The focus group discussions identified four factors that influence EHE preparedness and response implementation: local conditions (environmental, political, planning); engaging communities and tailoring strategies; partnerships and relational connections; and available resources. Focus group discussions emphasized the need for EHE preparedness and response activities to be targeted and scaled to the unique climate, population, and needs of the implementing jurisdiction. Local conditions, community engagement, partnerships, and available resources shape LHJ priorities. The study emphasizes the need for scalable resources and comprehensive plans, and identifies research gaps to be addressed in the future.https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/adf08bextreme heat eventslocal health jurisdictionspublic healthpublic health emergency preparedness
spellingShingle Jessica C Kelley
Cat Hartwell
Evan C Mix
Chelsea Gridley-Smith
Gregory A Wellenius
Amruta Nori-Sarma
Jeremy J Hess
Nicole A Errett
Extreme heat preparedness and response implementation: a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators, and needs among local health jurisdictions in the United States
Environmental Research: Health
extreme heat events
local health jurisdictions
public health
public health emergency preparedness
title Extreme heat preparedness and response implementation: a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators, and needs among local health jurisdictions in the United States
title_full Extreme heat preparedness and response implementation: a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators, and needs among local health jurisdictions in the United States
title_fullStr Extreme heat preparedness and response implementation: a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators, and needs among local health jurisdictions in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Extreme heat preparedness and response implementation: a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators, and needs among local health jurisdictions in the United States
title_short Extreme heat preparedness and response implementation: a qualitative study of barriers, facilitators, and needs among local health jurisdictions in the United States
title_sort extreme heat preparedness and response implementation a qualitative study of barriers facilitators and needs among local health jurisdictions in the united states
topic extreme heat events
local health jurisdictions
public health
public health emergency preparedness
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/adf08b
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