All-Weather Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval over Land Using Integrated Near-Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a critical component of the Earth’s atmosphere, playing a pivotal role in weather systems, climate dynamics, and hydrological cycles. Accurate estimation of PWV is essential for numerical weather prediction, climate modeling, and atmospheric correction in remote sen...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shipeng Song, Mengyao Zhu, Zexing Tao, Duanyang Xu, Sunxin Jiao, Wanqing Yang, Huaxuan Wang, Guodong Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2730
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849770827687395328
author Shipeng Song
Mengyao Zhu
Zexing Tao
Duanyang Xu
Sunxin Jiao
Wanqing Yang
Huaxuan Wang
Guodong Zhao
author_facet Shipeng Song
Mengyao Zhu
Zexing Tao
Duanyang Xu
Sunxin Jiao
Wanqing Yang
Huaxuan Wang
Guodong Zhao
author_sort Shipeng Song
collection DOAJ
description Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a critical component of the Earth’s atmosphere, playing a pivotal role in weather systems, climate dynamics, and hydrological cycles. Accurate estimation of PWV is essential for numerical weather prediction, climate modeling, and atmospheric correction in remote sensing. Ground-based observation stations can only provide PWV measurements at discrete points, whereas spaceborne infrared remote sensing enables spatially continuous coverage, but its retrieval algorithm is restricted to clear-sky conditions. This study proposes an innovative approach that uses ensemble learning models to integrate infrared and microwave satellite data and other geographic features to achieve all-weather PWV retrieval. The proposed product shows strong consistency with IGRA radiosonde data, with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.96 for the ascending orbit and 0.95 for the descending orbit, and corresponding RMSE values of 5.65 and 5.68, respectively. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed that the retrieved PWV product exhibits a clear latitudinal gradient and seasonal variability, consistent with physical expectations. Unlike MODIS PWV products, which suffer from cloud-induced data gaps, the proposed method provides seamless spatial coverage, particularly in regions with frequent cloud cover, such as southern China. Temporal consistency was further validated across four east Asian climate zones, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.88 and low error metrics. This algorithm establishes a novel all-weather approach for atmospheric water vapor retrieval that does not rely on ground-based PWV measurements for model training, thereby offering a new solution for estimating water vapor in regions lacking ground observation stations.
format Article
id doaj-art-e90b5859121746078f2b24ecc238dc11
institution DOAJ
issn 2072-4292
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-e90b5859121746078f2b24ecc238dc112025-08-20T03:02:51ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-08-011715273010.3390/rs17152730All-Weather Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval over Land Using Integrated Near-Infrared and Microwave Satellite ObservationsShipeng Song0Mengyao Zhu1Zexing Tao2Duanyang Xu3Sunxin Jiao4Wanqing Yang5Huaxuan Wang6Guodong Zhao7Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaPrecipitable water vapor (PWV) is a critical component of the Earth’s atmosphere, playing a pivotal role in weather systems, climate dynamics, and hydrological cycles. Accurate estimation of PWV is essential for numerical weather prediction, climate modeling, and atmospheric correction in remote sensing. Ground-based observation stations can only provide PWV measurements at discrete points, whereas spaceborne infrared remote sensing enables spatially continuous coverage, but its retrieval algorithm is restricted to clear-sky conditions. This study proposes an innovative approach that uses ensemble learning models to integrate infrared and microwave satellite data and other geographic features to achieve all-weather PWV retrieval. The proposed product shows strong consistency with IGRA radiosonde data, with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.96 for the ascending orbit and 0.95 for the descending orbit, and corresponding RMSE values of 5.65 and 5.68, respectively. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed that the retrieved PWV product exhibits a clear latitudinal gradient and seasonal variability, consistent with physical expectations. Unlike MODIS PWV products, which suffer from cloud-induced data gaps, the proposed method provides seamless spatial coverage, particularly in regions with frequent cloud cover, such as southern China. Temporal consistency was further validated across four east Asian climate zones, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.88 and low error metrics. This algorithm establishes a novel all-weather approach for atmospheric water vapor retrieval that does not rely on ground-based PWV measurements for model training, thereby offering a new solution for estimating water vapor in regions lacking ground observation stations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2730precipitable water vapornear-infraredpassive microwaveensemble learning
spellingShingle Shipeng Song
Mengyao Zhu
Zexing Tao
Duanyang Xu
Sunxin Jiao
Wanqing Yang
Huaxuan Wang
Guodong Zhao
All-Weather Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval over Land Using Integrated Near-Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations
Remote Sensing
precipitable water vapor
near-infrared
passive microwave
ensemble learning
title All-Weather Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval over Land Using Integrated Near-Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations
title_full All-Weather Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval over Land Using Integrated Near-Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations
title_fullStr All-Weather Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval over Land Using Integrated Near-Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations
title_full_unstemmed All-Weather Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval over Land Using Integrated Near-Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations
title_short All-Weather Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval over Land Using Integrated Near-Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations
title_sort all weather precipitable water vapor retrieval over land using integrated near infrared and microwave satellite observations
topic precipitable water vapor
near-infrared
passive microwave
ensemble learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2730
work_keys_str_mv AT shipengsong allweatherprecipitablewatervaporretrievaloverlandusingintegratednearinfraredandmicrowavesatelliteobservations
AT mengyaozhu allweatherprecipitablewatervaporretrievaloverlandusingintegratednearinfraredandmicrowavesatelliteobservations
AT zexingtao allweatherprecipitablewatervaporretrievaloverlandusingintegratednearinfraredandmicrowavesatelliteobservations
AT duanyangxu allweatherprecipitablewatervaporretrievaloverlandusingintegratednearinfraredandmicrowavesatelliteobservations
AT sunxinjiao allweatherprecipitablewatervaporretrievaloverlandusingintegratednearinfraredandmicrowavesatelliteobservations
AT wanqingyang allweatherprecipitablewatervaporretrievaloverlandusingintegratednearinfraredandmicrowavesatelliteobservations
AT huaxuanwang allweatherprecipitablewatervaporretrievaloverlandusingintegratednearinfraredandmicrowavesatelliteobservations
AT guodongzhao allweatherprecipitablewatervaporretrievaloverlandusingintegratednearinfraredandmicrowavesatelliteobservations